Jefferson County, FL — Planting Guide
Your May game plan for Jefferson County, Florida
Welcome to May in Zone 9a. These are the moves that will have the biggest impact on your growing season.
-
Bring in the basil, carrots, and cucumber
The more you pick, the more the plant produces. Letting fruit overripen tells the plant it's time to stop.
Before June arrives, get these ready
- First harvests: basil, cucumber, and green beans
Jefferson County is in USDA Zone 9a. The average last spring frost is March 9 and the first fall frost is November 21, giving you a growing season of approximately 257 days.
At an elevation of 105 ft, Jefferson County receives approximately 56 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 95°F with winter lows around 43°F. The predominant soil type is Sand.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 36 days year to year — ranging from February 19 in warm years to March 27 in cold years. The growing season is trending longer by about 4.44 days per decade. Jefferson County scores 48/100 (Moderate) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
9a (°F to °F min)
❄️ Last Frost
March 9
🍂 First Frost
November 21
📅 Growing Season
257 days
⛰️ Elevation
105 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
56 in
Monthly Watering Calendar
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 in | 6 days | — | None |
| Feb | 2.9 in | 6 days | 1.4 in | Moderate |
| Mar | 3.2 in | 7 days | 1.1 in | Moderate |
| Apr | 2.4 in | 6 days | 1.9 in | High |
| May | 3.8 in | 10 days | 0.5 in | Low |
| Jun | 7.8 in | 16 days | — | Low |
| Jul | 8.9 in | 18 days | — | Low |
| Aug | 7.4 in | 17 days | — | Low |
| Sep | 6.4 in | 15 days | — | Low |
| Oct | 5 in | 9 days | — | Low |
| Nov | 2.5 in | 6 days | 1.8 in | High |
| Dec | 2.7 in | 5 days | — | None |
Annual total: 56 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Jefferson County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Sand
Soil pH
5.2-5.9
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | Mar 27 | Dec 12 | 260 days |
| Cautious | Mar 15 | Nov 28 | 258 days |
| Average year | Mar 9 | Nov 21 | 257 days |
| Optimistic | Mar 4 | Nov 11 | 252 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Feb 19 | Nov 2 | 256 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±36 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting longer here (about 4.4 days per decade). Spring is arriving earlier than it used to. Good news for gardeners.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Jefferson County presents some gardening challenges. Choose adapted varieties and plan around frost dates.
Local Gardening Help in Jefferson County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Jefferson County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Jefferson County University of Florida IFAS Extension Extension Office
Phone: 352-392-1761
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Jefferson County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Jefferson County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Jefferson County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Jefferson County FL" or "garden center Jefferson County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Jefferson County FL" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Jefferson County Gardeners" or "Florida Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Longest Day
14 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
10 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
8.9 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Day-neutral onion varieties like Candy, Cabernet, and Sierra Blanca perform best in your day-length range.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10.2 hr | 6.1 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.9 hr | 6.6 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.8 hr | 7.5 hr | Short day |
| April | 12.7 hr | 8.5 hr | Neutral |
| May | 13.5 hr | 8.9 hr | Neutral |
| June | 14 hr | 8.1 hr | Long day |
| July | 13.8 hr | 6.9 hr | Neutral |
| August | 13.1 hr | 6.9 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.2 hr | 6.4 hr | Neutral |
| October | 11.2 hr | 7 hr | Short day |
| November | 10.4 hr | 6.2 hr | Short day |
| December | 10 hr | 5.5 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting Calendar
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Apr through Nov.
Best Month to Compost
May
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
10 months
Nearly year-round composting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 47°F | 52°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Feb | 46°F | 51°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Mar | 52°F | 57°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Apr | 62°F | 64°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| May | 73°F | 72°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jun | 83°F | 79°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 91°F | 85°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 90°F | 88°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 84°F | 85°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 75°F | 77°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Nov | 63°F | 67°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Dec | 53°F | 57°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Jefferson County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Insect Pest Pressure
High — expect multiple pest generations. Preventative measures essential.
Disease Risk
High fungal/bacterial risk. Space plants for airflow, water at soil level.
Seasonal Risk
View 6 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | High | Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Squash vine borers | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul |
| Stink bugs | High | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
| Whiteflies | High | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
| Spider mites | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep |
| Fire ants | Moderate | Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
Organic pest management tips
- Install physical barriers: floating row covers, copper tape for slugs, mesh netting
- Apply Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) for caterpillar control — safe for beneficial insects
- Use kaolin clay spray to deter a wide range of insects on fruiting crops
- Release beneficial insects: ladybugs for aphids, parasitic wasps for caterpillars
- Apply neem oil weekly during high-pressure months
- Mulch heavily (3-4 inches) to reduce soil-borne disease splash
Cover Crops for Jefferson County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with county-specific planting dates.
Spring Cover Crops (4 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Mar 13 | Sep 12 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| Cowpeas (southern peas) | Mar 16 | Sep 26 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer for warm climates, edible |
| Sorghum-sudan grass | Mar 17 | Sep 12 | — | Massive biomass, breaks compaction, suppresses nematodes |
| White clover | Feb 12 | Sep 26 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Mar 20 | Oct 31 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (7 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrian winter peas | Sep 14 | Feb 16 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, good for heavy clay soils |
| Crimson clover | Sep 22 | Feb 16 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, attracts pollinators in spring |
| Daikon radish | Oct 4 | Feb 16 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Sep 2 | Feb 23 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
| Oats | Oct 11 | Feb 23 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Aug 23 | Feb 16 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Aug 14 | Feb 23 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 11 mph Summer: 8 mph
Fall: 10 mph Winter: 9 mph
Prevailing wind: E. Moderate wind — consider a temporary windbreak for young seedlings.
Windbreak Benefit
4.7/10
Moderately beneficial — a simple fence or trellis can protect delicate crops from wind stress.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (58 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting Potential
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
Annual Collection
27,910 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
6 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,000 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Apr, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 56.0 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 27,910 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Your area gets ample rainfall — even small barrels make a big difference
- Consider a rain garden to handle overflow during heavy rainfall months
Soil & Growing Conditions in Jefferson County
Soil Type
Sand
Soil pH 5.2–5.9 · Excessively Drained drainage
Raised beds strongly recommended here — native soil drainage or texture limits in-ground options.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 3.5/10
Low-to-moderate drought stress. Plan to water 1–2 times per week during peak summer. (56 in. annual rainfall)
Season Tips
257-day frost-free season
Your long season supports multiple successions and heat-demanding crops like melons, sweet potatoes, and peppers. Plant warm-season crops as soon as soil warms.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 24-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Reduce heat stress and sun scorch in hot climates with UV-stabilized shade cloth.
Retain moisture and nutrients in sandy soils with expanded vermiculite.
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Jefferson County
115 vegetables that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 115 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Jul 13 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 3 | 90–120 |
| Artichoke | — | — | Mar 23 | Jul 27 – Oct 5 | 120–180 |
| Arugula | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Feb 16 | — | Apr 13 – May 11 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 29 – Aug 24 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jun 29 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Mar 16 | — | Jun 15 – Aug 3 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 25 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 11 – Jun 22 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 25 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 8 – Aug 3 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Jul 20 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Aug 3 | 80–120 |
| Cardoon | — | — | Mar 23 | Jul 27 – Sep 7 | 120–150 |
| Carrots | — | Feb 16 | — | Apr 20 – May 25 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jul 6 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 22 – Jul 27 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 1 – Jul 27 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 11 – Jun 22 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 22 | 50–60 |
| Chayote | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jul 20 – Sep 28 | 120–180 |
| Chickpeas | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 1 – Jul 13 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 11 – Jun 22 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 1 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Jul 13 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jul 6 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Mar 16 | — | May 18 – Jul 13 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Mar 16 | — | May 18 – Jun 29 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Mar 23 – Apr 13 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 4 – Jun 1 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Feb 16 | — | Jul 20 – Sep 21 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Feb 16 | — | Apr 13 – May 11 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Jul 13 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Mar 16 | — | Jun 1 – Jul 13 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 27 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 27 – Jun 1 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 1 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 25 – Jul 6 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jun 29 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | — | 90–240 |
| Ginger | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Nov 16 – Jan 11 | 240–300 |
| Green Beans | — | Mar 16 | — | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | Mar 23 | Jul 27 – Oct 5 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Aug 31 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 29 – Aug 3 | 100–120 |
| Jicama | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jul 20 – Sep 28 | 120–180 |
| Kabocha | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Jul 13 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 27 – May 25 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 29 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Mar 16 | — | Jun 15 – Jul 20 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 27 – Jun 1 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – May 18 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 8 – Aug 24 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 1 – Jul 13 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – Jun 22 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Mar 16 | — | May 18 – Jun 29 | 60–90 |
| Loofah | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 29 – Aug 31 | 100–150 |
| Luffa | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 31 | 90–150 |
| Mache | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 25 | 40–60 |
| Malabar Spinach | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jun 8 | 55–70 |
| Melon | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 13 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 – Apr 13 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 27 – Jun 22 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – May 11 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 8 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jun 8 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 8 – Jul 27 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 18 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Feb 16 | — | Jun 1 – Jul 13 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 4 – Jun 1 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 29 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Aug 3 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 3 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 25 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 11 – Jun 15 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Feb 16 | — | Mar 16 – Apr 6 | 22–35 |
| Romanesco | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 25 – Jul 6 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Feb 16 | — | May 11 – Jun 15 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Feb 16 | — | Jun 1 – Jul 13 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 18 – Jul 13 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 1 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jun 22 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Jun 8 – Jul 27 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | May 4 – Jun 29 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Mar 16 | — | Jun 8 – Aug 3 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Jul 13 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 4 – Jul 6 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Aug 3 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | Mar 23 | Jul 13 – Sep 7 | 110–150 |
| Sunflower | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 13 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Mar 16 | — | May 18 – Jun 29 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 3 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 13 – May 18 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–85 |
| Turmeric | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Nov 16 – Jan 11 | 240–300 |
| Turnip | — | Feb 16 | — | Mar 30 – May 4 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 9 | Apr 20 – May 25 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 13 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Mar 16 | — | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 3 | 90–120 |
| Yam | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | Sep 14 – Jan 11 | 180–330 |
| Yard Long Beans | Jan 26 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jun 22 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Feb 9 | Mar 9 | Mar 16 | May 4 – Jun 29 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Jefferson County
24 fruits that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 24 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Mar 23 | Jun 22 – Oct 5 | 90–180 |
| Blackberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–730 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Mar 23 | Jun 1 – Jul 6 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Dragon Fruit | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–730 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Figs | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1825 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Mar 23 | Jun 1 – Jul 27 | 65–80 |
| Guava | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–730 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Mar 23 | Jun 15 – Jul 27 | 80–110 |
| Kiwi | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Loquat | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1825 |
| Passion Fruit | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–545 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Pomegranate | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Quince | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Mar 23 | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Mar 23 | Jun 22 – Jan 18 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Jefferson County
40 herbs that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 40 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anise | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Jun 1 – Aug 17 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 13 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 31 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 27 – Jun 15 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 20 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | May 4 – Jul 13 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Jun 15 – Aug 17 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 40–60 |
| Echinacea | — | — | Mar 16 | Jul 20 – Oct 26 | 120–180 |
| Epazote | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 4 – Jun 29 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | May 4 – Jul 13 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 31 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 1 – Jul 27 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 27 | 70–90 |
| Lavender | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Nov 16 | 90–200 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 6 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 27 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Verbena | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Lemongrass | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | Jun 1 – Aug 31 | 75–120 |
| Marjoram | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | May 4 – Jul 6 | 60–80 |
| Rosemary | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 8 – Oct 26 | 80–180 |
| Rue | — | — | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 27 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 1 – Jul 27 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 6 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Feb 9 | Feb 16 | Mar 2 | Apr 13 – Jun 15 | 40–60 |
| Stevia | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Mar 16 | May 18 – Jul 27 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Jan 26 | Mar 16 | Mar 16 | May 11 – Jul 13 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Mar 16 | May 25 – Jul 27 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Mar 16 | Jul 20 – Oct 26 | 120–180 |
| Yarrow | — | — | Mar 16 | Jun 15 – Aug 31 | 90–120 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Jefferson County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Jefferson County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Jefferson County, FL?
Jefferson County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 9a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Jefferson County, FL?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Jefferson County falls around March 9. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between February 19 and March 27 — a 36-day window of variability. Use March 27 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Jefferson County, FL?
The median first fall frost in Jefferson County arrives around November 21. In cold years it can arrive as early as November 2; in mild years as late as December 12. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 257 days. This long season supports multiple succession plantings and warm-season crops that need extended heat, like sweet potatoes and melons. Climate records show the growing season is trending longer by about 4.44 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Jefferson County for gardening?
Jefferson County has predominantly Sand soil with a pH range of 5.2–5.9 and Excessively Drained drainage. The native soil conditions make raised beds a particularly good investment here — they let you control drainage and fertility independent of the ground soil.
What is grown commercially in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County has commercial agriculture that includes Citrus, Cattle, Sugarcane, Tomatoes, Strawberries. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Jefferson County a good location for home gardening?
Jefferson County scores 48/100 (Moderate) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Your Jefferson County Garden Planner — Free
A 24-page printable planner built for Jefferson County (Zone 9a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log