Madison County, MT — Planting Guide
Your May gardening checklist
Welcome to May in Zone 5a. These are the moves that will have the biggest impact on your growing season.
-
Sow carrots, kale, and lettuce where they'll grow
Succession planting is the secret here. Put in a row now, another in 2 weeks, a third in 4.
June prep starts now
- Transplants going out: basil, cucumber, and kale
- Direct-sowing: basil, cucumber, and green beans
- First harvests: radish, cress, and microgreens
Madison County is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 11 and the first fall frost is September 13, giving you a growing season of approximately 94 days.
At an elevation of 6,394 ft, Madison County receives approximately 20.7 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 80°F with winter lows around 5°F. The predominant soil type is Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 32 days year to year — ranging from May 20 in warm years to June 22 in cold years. The growing season is trending longer by about 1.58 days per decade. Madison County scores 39/100 (Challenging) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
5a (°F to °F min)
❄️ Last Frost
June 11
🍂 First Frost
September 13
📅 Growing Season
94 days
⛰️ Elevation
6,394 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
20.7 in
Monthly Watering Calendar
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.5 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.3 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Mar | 2 in | 8 days | — | None |
| Apr | 1.9 in | 8 days | 2.4 in | High |
| May | 2.3 in | 8 days | 2 in | High |
| Jun | 1.4 in | 4 days | 2.9 in | High |
| Jul | 1.7 in | 6 days | 2.6 in | High |
| Aug | 2.2 in | 7 days | 2.1 in | High |
| Sep | 1.8 in | 6 days | 2.5 in | High |
| Oct | 1.8 in | 5 days | 2.5 in | High |
| Nov | 1.4 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Dec | 1.3 in | 7 days | — | None |
Annual total: 20.6 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Madison County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH
6.6-8.1
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | Jun 22 | Sep 30 | 100 days |
| Cautious | Jun 17 | Sep 20 | 95 days |
| Average year | Jun 11 | Sep 13 | 94 days |
| Optimistic | Jun 3 | Sep 7 | 96 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | May 20 | Sep 1 | 104 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±32 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting longer here (about 1.6 days per decade). Spring is arriving earlier than it used to. Good news for gardeners.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Madison County has challenging growing conditions. Season extension and careful variety selection are essential.
Local Gardening Help in Madison County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Madison County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Madison County Montana State University Extension Extension Office
Phone: 406-994-3402
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Madison County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Madison County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Madison County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Madison County MT" or "garden center Madison County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Madison County MT" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Madison County Gardeners" or "Montana Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Sunlight & Day Length
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Longest Day
15.4 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
8.6 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
11.3 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 8.9 hr | 5 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.2 hr | 6 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.6 hr | 7.3 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.3 hr | 7.7 hr | Neutral |
| May | 14.7 hr | 9.5 hr | Long day |
| June | 15.4 hr | 11.3 hr | Long day |
| July | 15.1 hr | 10.2 hr | Long day |
| August | 13.9 hr | 9.8 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.3 hr | 8.6 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.7 hr | 7.2 hr | Short day |
| November | 9.3 hr | 5.4 hr | Short day |
| December | 8.6 hr | 4.6 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting Calendar
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil rarely reaches 60°F — use black plastic mulch to warm soil.
Best Month to Compost
Jul
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
2 months
Short season — insulate pile or use indoor vermicomposting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -4°F | 5°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | -1°F | 4°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | 9°F | 10°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 21°F | 22°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| May | 35°F | 32°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Jun | 46°F | 40°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Jul | 53°F | 49°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Aug | 55°F | 50°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Sep | 48°F | 47°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Oct | 34°F | 35°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Nov | 18°F | 24°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Dec | 5°F | 13°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Madison County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 5 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage worms | Low | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Colorado potato beetle | Moderate | Jun, Jul |
| Flea beetles | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul |
| Slugs | Low | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Madison County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with county-specific planting dates.
Spring Cover Crops (2 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Jun 20 | Jul 19 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| White clover | May 14 | Jul 12 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Jul 7 | Aug 23 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (5 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daikon radish | Jul 30 | May 21 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Jun 29 | May 28 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
| Oats | Aug 13 | May 21 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jun 23 | May 21 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jun 10 | May 28 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 16 mph Summer: 11 mph
Fall: 13 mph Winter: 15 mph
Prevailing wind: W. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the W side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
7.4/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
High
Hilly terrain with 2,264 ft of elevation range — cold air pools in low spots. Avoid planting frost-sensitive crops in valleys.
Rainwater Harvesting Potential
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
Annual Collection
10,267 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
7 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,750 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Mar, Apr, May, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Feb, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 20.6 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 10,267 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Stock up on stored water before your dry season (Feb, Nov, Dec)
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Madison County
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH 6.6–8.1 · Excessively Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 5.5/10
Moderate drought pressure. Drip irrigation and mulching are highly recommended to maintain soil moisture through summer.
Season Tips
94-day frost-free season
A short season means indoor starts are critical for warm-season crops. Prioritise cold-hardy, fast-maturing varieties and use row covers to extend autumn harvests.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 24-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Madison County
106 vegetables that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Madison County.
Show all 106 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Nov 12 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | Jun 25 | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Oct 1 – Nov 26 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Oct 8 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Jun 18 | — | Sep 17 – Nov 5 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 27 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 13 – Sep 24 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 27 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 10 – Nov 5 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Oct 29 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 17 – Nov 12 | 80–120 |
| Carrots | — | May 28 | — | Jul 30 – Sep 3 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 24 – Oct 29 | 100–120 |
| Celery | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 3 – Oct 29 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 13 – Sep 24 | 60–90 |
| Chard | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Sep 24 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 3 – Oct 15 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 13 – Sep 24 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Sep 3 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Cress | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 13 – Sep 10 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | May 28 | — | Oct 29 – Nov 12 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Jun 18 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 15 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Apr 2 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Nov 5 | 65–85 |
| Endive | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 30 – Sep 3 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Sep 3 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 27 – Oct 8 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Oct 8 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | — | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | Jun 25 | Oct 29 – Dec 10 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Apr 2 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Dec 10 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Oct 8 – Nov 12 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Oct 22 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 30 – Aug 27 | 45–60 |
| Kale | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Jun 18 | — | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 30 – Sep 3 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Aug 20 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 10 – Nov 26 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 3 – Oct 15 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Sep 24 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Mache | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 27 | 40–60 |
| Melon | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Oct 22 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jun 18 – Jul 16 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Aug 13 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Sep 10 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Sep 17 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 50–65 |
| Onion | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 10 – Oct 29 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | May 28 | — | Sep 10 – Oct 22 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 13 – Sep 10 | 45–60 |
| Peas | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Apr 2 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Nov 5 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Nov 12 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Nov 12 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 27 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 13 – Sep 17 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | May 28 | — | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 27 – Oct 8 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Sep 24 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | May 28 | — | Sep 10 – Oct 22 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Sep 3 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Sep 10 – Oct 29 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Apr 23 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Jun 18 | — | Sep 10 – Nov 5 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Oct 22 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 13 – Oct 15 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 17 – Nov 12 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | Jun 25 | Oct 15 – Dec 10 | 110–150 |
| Sunflower | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Oct 22 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Nov 12 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 16 – Aug 20 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Nov 5 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 27 – Nov 5 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | May 28 | — | Jul 9 – Aug 13 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 11 | Jul 23 – Aug 27 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 3 – Oct 22 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Jun 18 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Sep 24 – Nov 12 | 90–120 |
| Yard Long Beans | Apr 16 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | May 7 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Madison County
27 fruits that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Madison County.
Show all 27 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Jul 2 | Oct 1 – Dec 17 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Blackberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 365–730 |
| Blueberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Jul 2 | Sep 10 – Oct 15 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Cranberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Jul 2 | Sep 10 – Nov 5 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Jul 2 | Sep 24 – Nov 5 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1825 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Quince | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Jul 2 | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Jul 2 | Oct 1 – Dec 17 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Madison County
37 herbs that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Madison County.
Show all 37 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Sep 3 – Nov 19 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Apr 23 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 17 – Dec 3 | 90–120 |
| Borage | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 30 – Sep 17 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Sep 17 – Nov 19 | 100–120 |
| Dill | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 40–60 |
| Echinacea | — | — | Jun 18 | Oct 22 – Dec 3 | 120–180 |
| Epazote | Apr 23 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 17 – Dec 3 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 3 – Oct 29 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Lavender | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 17 – Dec 3 | 90–200 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 8 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Lovage | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 3 – Oct 29 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | May 7 | May 28 | Jun 4 | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Apr 23 | Jun 18 | Jun 25 | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Jun 18 | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Jun 18 | Oct 22 – Dec 3 | 120–180 |
| Yarrow | — | — | Jun 18 | Sep 17 – Dec 3 | 90–120 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Madison County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Madison County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Madison County, MT?
Madison County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Madison County, MT?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Madison County falls around June 11. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between May 20 and June 22 — a 32-day window of variability. Use June 22 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Madison County, MT?
The median first fall frost in Madison County arrives around September 13. In cold years it can arrive as early as September 1; in mild years as late as September 30. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Madison County?
Madison County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 94 days. Focus on short-season varieties and start warm-season crops indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Climate records show the growing season is trending longer by about 1.58 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Madison County for gardening?
Madison County has predominantly Loam soil with a pH range of 6.6–8.1 and Excessively Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Madison County?
Madison County has commercial agriculture that includes Hay, Cattle, Wheat, Sugar Beets, Barley. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Madison County a good location for home gardening?
Madison County scores 39/100 (Challenging) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Your Madison County Garden Planner — Free
A 24-page printable planner built for Madison County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log