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When to Plant Kale in Flathead County, MT

Flathead County, Montana Zone 5a May

What to do in May

Your garden in Flathead County, Montana is working on a schedule, even when you're not. Here's where you should be this May.

Avg. last frost June 3
Avg. first frost September 10
Soil temp (4") 41°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 15 hrs
  1. Sow kale where they'll grow

    Thin ruthlessly once seedlings are up. Crowded roots mean smaller crops from every plant.

June will be here before you know it — start on
  • Transplants going out: kale

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Kale is an exceptionally hardy, nutrient-dense green available in curly, lacinato, and Russian varieties. It tolerates heavy frost and often tastes sweeter after cold exposure.

Flathead County, Montana is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 3 and the first fall frost is September 10, giving you a growing season of approximately 99 days.

At an elevation of 6,233 feet, Flathead County receives approximately 20.7 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 87°F, providing good warmth for Kale during the growing season.

Flathead County, MT (Zone 5a) Very short season
99 days
Last Spring Frost June 3
99 growing days
First Fall Frost September 10

Flathead County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.6-8.4

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: Apr 17 Transplant: May 22 🍅 Harvest: Jul 17 – Sep 11
Recommended (50%) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: Apr 29 Transplant: Jun 3 🍅 Harvest: Jul 29 – Sep 23
Safe Start (90%) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: May 18 Transplant: Jun 22 🍅 Harvest: Aug 17 – Oct 12

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Flathead County

How your county's soil matches Kale's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.6–8.4) overlaps with Kale's range (6.0–7.5), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Flathead County is excellent for Kale — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.4%). Annual compost additions will help Kale.

How to Plant Kale

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Kale

2
successive plantings in your 99-day season

Sow every 5.7 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 02 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 02.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
0.8″/week
Rainfall provides
0.9″/week
Watering frequency Natural rainfall sufficient
Season total 0 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 8/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Kale

Kale needs approximately 0.8 inches of water per week (3.5" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Kale Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 2.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Jun 3.5" 1.5" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 3.5" 1.5" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 3.5" 2.1" 1.4" 💧 Light watering
Sep 3.5" 1.5" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (Jun–Sep in Flathead County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Kale Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Kale needs ~915 GDD — county provides 1,509 GDD Excellent fit

Kale Planting Timeline — Flathead County, MT

Kale Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 29 Apr 29 – May 13
Transplant Outdoors June 3 Jun 3 – Jun 17
Direct Sow May 20 May 20 – Jun 10
Harvest July 29 Jul 29 – Sep 23
Fall Sowing July 2 Jul 2 – Jul 16

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Start Indoors Direct Sow
June Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

0.8"/week · Natural rainfall sufficient

📅 Days to Maturity

50–70 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5a

📆 Growing Season

99 days in Flathead County

Growing Tips for Kale in Flathead County

Direct sow Kale outdoors after June 03 in Flathead County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Kale in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Direct sow or transplant in early spring or late summer. Harvest outer leaves first to keep plants productive. Kale overwinters in many climates and can provide greens all year.

Recommended Kale Varieties for Flathead County

Cold-hardy kale that improves in flavor after frost

Winterbor Red Russian Dwarf Blue Curled

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries
  • Tomatoes

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

🌾 Save Your Own Kale Seeds
Life Cycle Biennial
Pollination Cross-Pollinated (insects)
How to Collect Allow 2nd year flower stalks to dry. Harvest pods when tan.
Storage Store airtight; viable 5 years at 35°F, under 50% humidity.

Isolate 1/2 mile from other brassicas (broccoli, cabbage, etc.) — they all cross.

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Kale in Flathead County, MT?

Flathead County is in Zone 5a with an average last frost of June 3. Plan your Kale planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Flathead County, MT?

Flathead County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 3 and first fall frost is September 10.

🌱

Your Flathead County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Flathead County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Flathead County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.