Marshall County, IL — Planting Guide
Your June gardening checklist
A quick June briefing for Marshall County, Illinois gardeners — what's urgent, what's next, and what can wait.
-
Time to start basil, peppers, and pole beans inside
Starting these indoors now means sturdy transplants ready the moment your soil warms up.
-
Bring in the basil, carrots, and cucumber
The more you pick, the more the plant produces. Letting fruit overripen tells the plant it's time to stop.
Looking ahead to July
- Starting indoors: vinca (annual)
- First harvests: basil, carrots, and cucumber
Marshall County is in USDA Zone 5b. The average last spring frost is April 21 and the first fall frost is October 13, giving you a growing season of approximately 175 days.
At an elevation of 1,177 ft, Marshall County receives approximately 30.4 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 84°F with winter lows around 11°F. The predominant soil type is Silt Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 32 days year to year — ranging from April 6 in warm years to May 9 in cold years. The growing season is trending shorter by about 1.2 days per decade. Marshall County scores 66/100 (Good) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
5b (-15°F to -10°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
April 21
🍂 First Frost
October 13
📅 Growing Season
175 days
⛰️ Elevation
1,177 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
30.4 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Marshall County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
Quick context: A drip irrigation system pays for itself in 1-2 seasons in any climate. Marshall County's 30" annual rainfall determines whether you'll run it weekly (dry zones) or maybe just during summer dry spells (wet zones).
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.3 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.3 in | 8 days | — | None |
| Mar | 2.3 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Apr | 2.8 in | 10 days | 1.5 in | Moderate |
| May | 3.4 in | 10 days | 0.9 in | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 in | 8 days | 0.3 in | Low |
| Jul | 3 in | 9 days | 1.3 in | Moderate |
| Aug | 3.4 in | 9 days | 0.9 in | Moderate |
| Sep | 2.7 in | 7 days | 1.6 in | High |
| Oct | 2.5 in | 7 days | 1.8 in | High |
| Nov | 2 in | 8 days | — | None |
| Dec | 1.7 in | 7 days | — | None |
Annual total: 30.4 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Marshall County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Silt Loam
Soil pH
6-6.8
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | May 9 | Oct 28 | 172 days |
| Cautious | Apr 27 | Oct 17 | 173 days |
| Average year | Apr 21 | Oct 13 | 175 days |
| Optimistic | Apr 16 | Oct 8 | 175 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Apr 6 | Sep 30 | 177 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±32 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting shorter here (about 1.2 days per decade). Use the "Conservative" dates and choose fast-maturing varieties.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Marshall County offers good growing conditions. A little planning around frost dates goes a long way.
Local Gardening Help in Marshall County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Marshall County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Marshall County University of Illinois Extension Extension Office
Phone: 217-333-7672
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Marshall County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Marshall County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Marshall County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Marshall County IL" or "garden center Marshall County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Marshall County IL" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Marshall County Gardeners" or "Illinois Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Marshall County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Quick context: Day length triggers flowering in many crops. Some need short days (sweet potatoes), some long (most flowers), and some are day-neutral (most modern tomatoes). Marshall County's latitude determines which varieties fit your beds.
Longest Day
14.9 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
9.1 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
9.4 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 9.4 hr | 3.7 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.4 hr | 4.4 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.7 hr | 5.4 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.1 hr | 7.1 hr | Neutral |
| May | 14.3 hr | 8.5 hr | Long day |
| June | 14.9 hr | 8.8 hr | Long day |
| July | 14.7 hr | 9.4 hr | Long day |
| August | 13.6 hr | 8.7 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.3 hr | 7 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.9 hr | 5.5 hr | Short day |
| November | 9.7 hr | 3.9 hr | Short day |
| December | 9.1 hr | 3.3 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Marshall County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
The practical takeaway: Mulched soil swings less. The mulch insulates against both winter cold and summer heat. In Marshall County, an aggressive mulch program shifts your effective soil temperature curve toward optimal for most crops.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Jun through Sep.
Best Month to Compost
Jun
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
6 months
Solid season. Piles go dormant in winter.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22°F | 30°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | 22°F | 31°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | 32°F | 33°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 44°F | 45°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| May | 57°F | 54°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Jun | 69°F | 63°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 74°F | 71°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 78°F | 73°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 70°F | 68°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 57°F | 59°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Nov | 42°F | 48°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Dec | 30°F | 37°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Marshall County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Why this matters: Pest score isn't pass/fail. It's a planning input. Higher scores mean: more compost (resilient plants), wider spacing (air circulation), resistant varieties (built-in defense), and inspection (catch issues at egg stage).
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 6 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Japanese beetles | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Squash bugs | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Tomato hornworms | Low | Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage loopers | Low | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Slugs | Low | Apr, May, Jun |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Marshall County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
Quick context: Cover crops do four things at once: fix nitrogen (legumes), suppress weeds (any), prevent erosion, and add organic matter when chopped down. Marshall County's seasonal pattern determines which species fit which gap.
Spring Cover Crops (3 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Apr 23 | Aug 18 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| Sorghum-sudan grass | May 1 | Aug 4 | — | Massive biomass, breaks compaction, suppresses nematodes |
| White clover | Mar 27 | Aug 11 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | May 17 | Sep 15 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (6 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrian winter peas | Aug 13 | Mar 31 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, good for heavy clay soils |
| Daikon radish | Aug 31 | Apr 7 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Aug 4 | Mar 31 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
| Oats | Aug 29 | Apr 7 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jul 21 | Apr 7 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jul 5 | Apr 7 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate in Marshall County
What this means for you: Why care about wind? Above about 10 mph, evaporation jumps and pollinators struggle to land on flowers. Marshall County's 8.4 mph average means you can plant tall crops without much support, but it doesn't mean ignore wind — a 20+ mph storm still snaps unstaked tomatoes.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 12 mph Summer: 8 mph
Fall: 9 mph Winter: 13 mph
Prevailing wind: SW. Moderate wind — consider a temporary windbreak for young seedlings.
Windbreak Benefit
5.3/10
Moderately beneficial — a simple fence or trellis can protect delicate crops from wind stress.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (92 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting in Marshall County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
The practical takeaway: The first inch of rain washes the roof clean — a first-flush diverter sends it to waste before the barrel fills. Worth the extra $20 for cleaner garden water. Marshall County gets 30" annually, so you'll fill and flush many times per year.
Annual Collection
15,151 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
6 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,750 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
May, Jun, Jul, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Feb, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 30.4 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 15,151 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Stock up on stored water before your dry season (Jan, Feb, Dec)
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Marshall County
Soil Type
Silt Loam
Soil pH 6–6.8 · Well Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 5.5/10
Moderate drought pressure. Drip irrigation and mulching are highly recommended to maintain soil moisture through summer.
Season Tips
175-day frost-free season
Start warm-season crops indoors and focus on short-season varieties. Cold frames extend your season by 3–4 weeks in fall.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Marshall County
105 vegetables that grow well in Zone 5b with planting dates for Marshall County.
Show all 105 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 1 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 22 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 5 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jun 30 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Aug 11 – Oct 6 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Aug 18 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jul 28 – Sep 15 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jul 7 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 23 – Aug 4 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jul 7 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 8 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 80–120 |
| Carrots | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Jul 14 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Aug 4 – Sep 8 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 14 – Sep 8 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 23 – Aug 4 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 4 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 23 – Aug 4 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Jul 14 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 1 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 5 – May 26 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Jul 21 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Sep 8 – Sep 22 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jun 30 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 1 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Feb 10 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 15 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Jul 14 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Jul 14 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 7 – Aug 18 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Aug 18 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Dec 1 – Feb 16 | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | May 5 | — | Sep 8 – Oct 20 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Feb 10 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Oct 20 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 18 – Sep 22 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 1 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Jul 7 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 11 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jul 28 – Sep 1 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Jul 14 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jun 30 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Oct 6 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Aug 4 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 60–90 |
| Mache | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jul 7 | 40–60 |
| Melon | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 1 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Apr 28 – May 26 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Aug 4 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jun 23 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Jul 21 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Jul 28 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Sep 8 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jun 30 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Jul 21 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 11 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Feb 10 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 15 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 22 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 22 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jul 7 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | May 5 – May 26 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 7 – Aug 18 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jun 30 – Aug 4 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Jul 14 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Aug 11 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jul 21 – Sep 8 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Mar 3 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 11 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 1 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 25 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | May 5 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 20 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 22 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jun 30 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 15 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 15 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | Apr 7 | — | Aug 4 | May 19 – Jun 23 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | Aug 4 | Jun 2 – Jul 7 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 1 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Apr 28 | — | — | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 22 | 90–120 |
| Yard Long Beans | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Marshall County
27 fruits that grow well in Zone 5b with planting dates for Marshall County.
Show all 27 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | May 12 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 27 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Blackberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Blueberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | May 12 | — | Jul 21 – Aug 25 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Cranberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | May 12 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | May 12 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 15 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Quince | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | May 12 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | May 12 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 27 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Marshall County
34 herbs that grow well in Zone 5b with planting dates for Marshall County.
Show all 34 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jul 14 – Sep 29 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Mar 3 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 1 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 13 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jun 9 – Jul 28 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 1 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 25 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Epazote | Mar 3 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 25 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 13 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 8 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 18 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 70–90 |
| Lovage | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 8 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 18 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Mar 17 | Apr 7 | Apr 14 | Aug 4 | May 26 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Mar 3 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 1 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Apr 28 | — | Sep 1 – Oct 13 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Marshall County
51 flowers that grow well in Zone 5b with planting dates for Marshall County.
Show all 51 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Mar 3 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jun 23 – Sep 22 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Oct 6 – Oct 27 | 28–42 |
| Anemones | Mar 24 | — | Apr 21 | — | May 26 – Jun 23 | 90–120 |
| Astilbe | Feb 17 | — | May 5 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 70–100 |
| Bachelor's Button | Mar 10 | Mar 31 | Apr 21 | — | Jun 23 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Feb 10 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Feb 17 | Apr 21 | May 5 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 27 | 60–80 |
| Bleeding Hearts | Feb 17 | — | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 60–90 |
| Calendula | Mar 10 | Mar 31 | Apr 21 | — | Jun 9 – Sep 8 | 50–70 |
| Celosia | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jun 30 – Oct 6 | 60–90 |
| Columbine | Feb 17 | May 5 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 70–100 |
| Coreopsis | Feb 17 | Apr 28 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Oct 27 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Mar 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 21 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Crocus | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Jul 14 – Aug 4 | 10–20 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Jul 21 – Aug 11 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | Mar 24 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 20 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Feb 17 | — | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Feb 17 | Mar 24 | Apr 7 | — | May 26 – Aug 18 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Feb 17 | May 5 | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 27 | 70–90 |
| Foxglove | Feb 17 | May 5 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 80–120 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Feb 24 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Oct 27 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Feb 10 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 29 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 20 | 70–100 |
| Hostas | Feb 10 | — | May 5 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Aug 11 – Sep 8 | 14–28 |
| Hydrangeas | Feb 10 | — | May 5 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 13 | 90–150 |
| Impatiens | Feb 24 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Oct 6 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 4 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | Mar 24 | — | — | Jun 2 – Jul 28 | 60–90 |
| Lavender | Feb 10 | — | May 12 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 8 | 90–120 |
| Lilies | — | Division | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Oct 13 | 70–120 |
| Lobelia | Feb 10 | — | Apr 14 | — | Jun 9 – Aug 25 | 70–80 |
| Lupine | Feb 17 | May 5 | May 5 | — | Jun 30 – Aug 11 | 75–100 |
| Marigolds | Mar 10 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jun 23 – Sep 22 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Mar 24 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jun 23 – Oct 6 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Feb 10 | — | Apr 21 | — | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 70–90 |
| Peonies | — | Division | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 90–120 |
| Petunia | Feb 24 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Oct 6 | 70–90 |
| Phlox | Feb 17 | May 5 | May 5 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 13 | 80–110 |
| Portulaca | Mar 17 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jun 16 – Sep 22 | 50–70 |
| Roses | Feb 10 | — | May 5 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 27 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Feb 17 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Oct 6 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Feb 17 | — | May 5 | — | Sep 1 – Nov 10 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | Feb 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 8 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Mar 31 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 6 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | Mar 3 | Apr 7 | Apr 21 | — | Jun 2 – Aug 11 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | Mar 10 | Mar 17 | Apr 21 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 65–85 |
| Tulips | — | — | — | Sep 1 | Aug 4 – Aug 25 | 15–30 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Feb 3 | — | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Feb 17 | Apr 21 | May 5 | — | Jul 14 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Mar 24 | Apr 28 | Apr 28 | — | Jul 7 – Oct 6 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Marshall County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Marshall County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Marshall County, IL?
Marshall County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5b. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Marshall County, IL?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Marshall County falls around April 21. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between April 6 and May 9 — a 32-day window of variability. Use May 9 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Marshall County, IL?
The median first fall frost in Marshall County arrives around October 13. In cold years it can arrive as early as September 30; in mild years as late as October 28. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Marshall County?
Marshall County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 175 days. This is enough time for most warm-season crops including tomatoes, peppers, and squash with proper timing. Climate records show the growing season is trending shorter by about 1.2 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Marshall County for gardening?
Marshall County has predominantly Silt Loam soil with a pH range of 6–6.8 and Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Marshall County?
Marshall County has commercial agriculture that includes Corn, Soybeans, Hay, Wheat, Oats. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Marshall County a good location for home gardening?
Marshall County scores 66/100 (Good) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Conditions here are moderate — most common crops grow well with standard timing and care.
Your Marshall County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Marshall County (Zone 5b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log