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When to Plant Escarole in Lake County, SD

Lake County, South Dakota Zone 4b May

This month in Lake County, South Dakota

May is a pivotal month for Lake County, South Dakota gardens. Focus on these tasks first and you'll set up the rest of the season for success.

Avg. last frost May 5
Avg. first frost October 2
Soil temp (4") 53°F
Watering Moderate
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.6 hrs
  1. Move escarole into the garden

    Frost risk is low now in Lake County, South Dakota. If you've been covering beds overnight, you can stop.

June will be here before you know it — start on
  • Starting indoors: escarole
  • First harvests: escarole

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Escarole is a broad-leaved endive with slightly bitter, sturdy leaves. The outer leaves are more bitter while the blanched heart is tender and mild.

Lake County, South Dakota is in USDA Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 5 and the first fall frost is October 2, giving you a growing season of approximately 150 days.

At an elevation of 766 feet, Lake County receives approximately 24.2 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 81°F, so choose short-season varieties of Escarole to ensure they mature before fall.

Lake County, SD (Zone 4b) Moderate season
150 days
Last Spring Frost May 5
150 growing days
First Fall Frost October 2

Lake County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.8-7.7

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (66 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 16 Transplant: Apr 27 🍅 Harvest: Jun 22 – Jul 20
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (66 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 24 Transplant: May 5 🍅 Harvest: Jun 30 – Jul 28
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (67 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 4 Transplant: May 16 🍅 Harvest: Jul 11 – Aug 8

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Lake County

How your county's soil matches Escarole's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.8–7.7) is more alkaline than Escarole prefers (5.5–7.0). Add sulfur or peat moss to lower pH.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Lake County is excellent for Escarole — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.5%). Annual compost additions will help Escarole.

How to Plant Escarole

0.5"
Planting Depth
6"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Escarole

3
successive plantings in your 150-day season

Sow every 5.7 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 24 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 10.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.7″/week
You supply
0.4″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 516 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 6/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Escarole

Escarole needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Escarole Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 3.4" 0.9" 💧 Light watering
Jun 4.3" 3.5" 0.8" 💧 Light watering
Jul 4.3" 2.9" 1.4" 💧 Light watering
Aug 4.3" 3.1" 1.2" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 2" 2.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Nov 0.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Lake County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Escarole Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Escarole needs ~645 GDD — county provides 1,612 GDD Excellent fit

Escarole Planting Timeline — Lake County, SD

Escarole Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors March 24 Mar 24 – Apr 7
Transplant Outdoors May 5 May 5 – May 19
Direct Sow April 28 Apr 28 – May 19
Harvest June 30 Jun 30 – Jul 28
Fall Sowing July 10 Jul 10 – Jul 24

Plant 0.5" deep · 6" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March Start Indoors
April Start Indoors Direct Sow
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June Harvest
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Partial Shade (3-6 hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

50–70 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 5.5–7 · Your soil: too_alkaline

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4b

📆 Growing Season

150 days in Lake County

Growing Tips for Escarole in Lake County

Direct sow Escarole outdoors after May 05 in Lake County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Escarole in this region include aphids and slugs. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Lake County receives only 24" of rain annually. Escarole needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Direct sow in spring or late summer. Blanch heads by tying outer leaves together or covering with a pot for 2 weeks before harvest. Excellent braised or in soups.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Fennel

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Escarole in Lake County, SD?

Lake County is in Zone 4b with an average last frost of May 5. Plan your Escarole planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Lake County, SD?

Lake County, South Dakota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 5 and first fall frost is October 2.

🌱

Your Lake County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Lake County (Zone 4b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Lake County, SD. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.