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When to Plant Napa Cabbage in Hughes County, SD

Hughes County, South Dakota Zone 4a April

This month in Hughes County, South Dakota

Your Hughes County, South Dakota garden is entering a new phase. Here's what's on the schedule for April and why each task matters now.

Avg. last frost May 11
Avg. first frost October 2
Soil temp (4") 41°F
Watering Moderate
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 13.2 hrs
To set up a strong May, finish these tasks
  • Transplants going out: napa cabbage
  • Direct-sowing: napa cabbage

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Napa cabbage forms tall, barrel-shaped heads with tender, crinkled leaves and a mild, slightly sweet flavor. It is the primary cabbage used for kimchi.

Hughes County, South Dakota is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 11 and the first fall frost is October 2, giving you a growing season of approximately 144 days.

At an elevation of 633 feet, Hughes County receives approximately 32.6 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 80°F, so choose short-season varieties of Napa Cabbage to ensure they mature before fall.

Hughes County, SD (Zone 4a) Short season
144 days
Last Spring Frost May 11
144 growing days
First Fall Frost October 2

Hughes County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.2-7.2

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (53 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 22 Transplant: May 3 🍅 Harvest: Jun 28 – Aug 2
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (53 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 30 Transplant: May 11 🍅 Harvest: Jul 6 – Aug 10
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (55 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 9 Transplant: May 21 🍅 Harvest: Jul 16 – Aug 20

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Hughes County

How your county's soil matches Napa Cabbage's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.2–7.2) is within Napa Cabbage's preferred range (6.0–7.5).

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Hughes County is excellent for Napa Cabbage — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.9%). Annual compost additions will help Napa Cabbage.

How to Plant Napa Cabbage

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Napa Cabbage

3
successive plantings in your 144-day season

Sow every 6.3 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 19 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 10.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.5″/week
Rainfall provides
1.0″/week
You supply
0.7″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 845 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 6/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Napa Cabbage

Napa Cabbage needs approximately 1.5 inches of water per week (6.5" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Napa Cabbage Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 0.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 2.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 6.5" 5.2" 1.3" 💧 Light watering
Jun 6.5" 5.4" 1.1" 💧 Light watering
Jul 6.5" 3.6" 2.9" 💧 Light watering
Aug 6.5" 4.1" 2.4" 💧 Light watering
Sep 6.5" 2.9" 3.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 6.5" 2.1" 4.4" 🚿 Regular watering
Nov 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Hughes County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Napa Cabbage Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Napa Cabbage needs ~650 GDD — county provides 1,440 GDD Excellent fit

Napa Cabbage Planting Timeline — Hughes County, SD

Napa Cabbage Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors March 30 Mar 30 – Apr 13
Transplant Outdoors May 11 May 11 – May 25
Direct Sow May 4 May 4 – May 25
Harvest July 6 Jul 6 – Aug 10
Fall Sowing July 10 Jul 10 – Jul 24

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March Start Indoors
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Harvest
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Partial Shade (3-6 hours)

💧 Water

1.5"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

55–75 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: ideal

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4a

📆 Growing Season

144 days in Hughes County

Growing Tips for Napa Cabbage in Hughes County

Direct sow Napa Cabbage outdoors after May 11 in Hughes County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Napa Cabbage in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Best grown as a fall crop. Direct sow in late summer, 60-70 days before first frost. Keep soil evenly moist. Bolt-resistant varieties are available for spring planting.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Napa Cabbage in Hughes County, SD?

Hughes County is in Zone 4a with an average last frost of May 11. Plan your Napa Cabbage planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Hughes County, SD?

Hughes County, South Dakota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 11 and first fall frost is October 2.

🌱

Your Hughes County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Hughes County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Hughes County, SD. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: April 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.