Williams County, ND — Planting Guide
Your June game plan for Williams County, North Dakota
June is a pivotal month for Williams County, North Dakota gardens. Focus on these tasks first and you'll set up the rest of the season for success.
-
Set out basil, cucumber, and peppers seedlings
Harden off for 7 days — a little more sun each day — before planting. That's the difference between a seedling that thrives and one that stalls.
-
Fire up the seed-starting tray: cucumber, kale, and lettuce
Your window is short. These crops want several weeks of indoor growth before they go outside.
-
Start harvesting lettuce, radish, and arugula
This is the payoff month. Bring a basket, bring a friend, and get into the beds.
-
Kick off the fall garden with carrots, kale, and lettuce
Count back from your first frost (September 22) — these need to mature before the cold arrives.
July will be here before you know it — start on
- Starting indoors: basil, peppers, and pole beans
- First harvests: basil, carrots, and cucumber
Williams County is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 14 and the first fall frost is September 22, giving you a growing season of approximately 131 days.
At an elevation of 947 ft, Williams County receives approximately 28.1 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 84°F with winter lows around 8°F. The predominant soil type is Loam.
Based on 30 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 30 days year to year — ranging from April 30 in warm years to May 30 in cold years. The growing season is trending longer by about 4.36 days per decade. Williams County scores 48/100 (Moderate) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
4a (-30°F to -25°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
May 14
🍂 First Frost
September 22
📅 Growing Season
131 days
⛰️ Elevation
947 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
28.1 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Williams County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
What this means for you: The 1-inch-per-week rule applies to most vegetable crops. Williams County averages 28" a year — divide by 52 and compare to that 1" target. Some months are above, some below; that's where the calendar earns its keep.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.8 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.5 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Mar | 2.6 in | 8 days | — | None |
| Apr | 3.3 in | 8 days | 1 in | Moderate |
| May | 3.3 in | 7 days | 1 in | Moderate |
| Jun | 2.1 in | 4 days | 2.2 in | High |
| Jul | 2.4 in | 6 days | 1.9 in | High |
| Aug | 2.5 in | 6 days | 1.8 in | High |
| Sep | 2 in | 5 days | 2.3 in | High |
| Oct | 2.7 in | 5 days | 1.6 in | High |
| Nov | 2.2 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Dec | 1.7 in | 6 days | — | None |
Annual total: 28.1 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Williams County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH
6.4-7.6
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 30 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | May 30 | Oct 5 | 128 days |
| Cautious | May 19 | Sep 29 | 133 days |
| Average year | May 14 | Sep 22 | 131 days |
| Optimistic | May 10 | Sep 18 | 131 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Apr 30 | Sep 11 | 134 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±30 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting longer here (about 4.4 days per decade). Spring is arriving earlier than it used to. Good news for gardeners.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Williams County presents some gardening challenges. Choose adapted varieties and plan around frost dates.
Local Gardening Help in Williams County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Williams County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Williams County North Dakota State University Extension Extension Office
Phone: 701-231-8944
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Williams County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Williams County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Williams County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Williams County ND" or "garden center Williams County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Williams County ND" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Williams County Gardeners" or "North Dakota Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Williams County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Why it matters: You can't change the sun. Picking the right day-length-matched varieties for Williams County matters more than any other "fix" you make — and the seed packet tells you (look for "long-day," "short-day," "day-neutral").
Longest Day
15.9 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
8.1 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
11.7 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 8.5 hr | 4.6 hr | Short day |
| February | 9.9 hr | 5.8 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.6 hr | 6.9 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.4 hr | 8 hr | Neutral |
| May | 15 hr | 9.6 hr | Long day |
| June | 15.9 hr | 11.2 hr | Long day |
| July | 15.5 hr | 11.7 hr | Long day |
| August | 14.1 hr | 10 hr | Long day |
| September | 12.3 hr | 8.5 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.5 hr | 6.6 hr | Short day |
| November | 8.9 hr | 5.3 hr | Short day |
| December | 8.1 hr | 4.4 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Williams County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
For new gardeners: Cold soil = stunted starts. A bean seed planted in 55°F soil rots before it germinates. Same seed in 65°F soil sprouts in 5 days. Williams County's soil temperature pattern shows you the difference month to month.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Jun through Sep.
Best Month to Compost
Jun
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
6 months
Solid season. Piles go dormant in winter.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13°F | 24°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | 15°F | 21°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | 27°F | 29°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 43°F | 39°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| May | 55°F | 49°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Jun | 66°F | 59°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 72°F | 67°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 72°F | 67°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 64°F | 63°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Oct | 53°F | 54°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Nov | 39°F | 42°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Dec | 23°F | 30°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Williams County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Why it matters: Pest score isn't pass/fail. It's a planning input. Higher scores mean: more compost (resilient plants), wider spacing (air circulation), resistant varieties (built-in defense), and inspection (catch issues at egg stage).
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 5 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage worms | Low | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Colorado potato beetle | Moderate | Jun, Jul |
| Flea beetles | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul |
| Slugs | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Williams County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
Why this matters: Bare soil is wasted soil — it loses nutrients to rain, dries out, compacts, and gets taken over by weeds. Cover crops (clovers, ryegrass, vetch, peas) are the "between seasons" trick that makes soil better every year. In Williams County, you can fit a cover crop into the gaps.
Spring Cover Crops (2 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | May 21 | Jul 21 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| White clover | Apr 14 | Jul 21 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Jun 2 | Sep 1 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (5 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daikon radish | Aug 4 | Apr 23 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Jul 13 | Apr 30 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
| Oats | Aug 17 | Apr 30 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jun 29 | Apr 30 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jun 15 | Apr 30 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate in Williams County
What this means for you: Pollinators avoid windy days. Williams County's 12.4 mph average wind isn't enough to stop bees and butterflies — but plant fruiting crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) in protected microclimates and you'll see noticeably better fruit set.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 16 mph Summer: 12 mph
Fall: 13 mph Winter: 14 mph
Prevailing wind: S. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the S side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
7.3/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (358 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting in Williams County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
For new gardeners: Most gardens use 0.5-1 gallon per square foot per week in summer. Williams County's 28" annual rainfall is enough to cover most needs if you can capture it. Rain barrels under downspouts are the simplest entry point.
Annual Collection
14,005 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
7 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,500 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Mar, Apr, May, Oct
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Feb, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 28.1 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 14,005 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Stock up on stored water before your dry season (Jan, Feb, Dec)
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Williams County
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH 6.4–7.6 · Moderately Well Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 9.5/10
Very high drought stress. Irrigation is critical for garden success. Focus on water-efficient techniques and drought-adapted crops.
Season Tips
131-day frost-free season
Start warm-season crops indoors and focus on short-season varieties. Cold frames extend your season by 3–4 weeks in fall.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Williams County
95 vegetables that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Williams County.
Show all 95 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 22 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 28 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Jul 30 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Sep 3 – Oct 8 | 110–150 |
| Black Beans | — | May 28 | — | — | Aug 27 – Oct 15 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 30 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 16 – Aug 27 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 30 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 8 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 16 – Sep 10 | 60–100 |
| Carrots | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 13 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 10 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 16 – Aug 27 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 27 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 6 – Sep 17 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 16 – Aug 27 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 6 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 10 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | May 28 | — | — | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 60–100 |
| Cress | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | May 28 – Jun 18 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Oct 8 – Oct 1 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Jul 30 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | May 28 | — | — | Aug 13 – Sep 24 | 75–100 |
| Endive | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Aug 6 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 6 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 30 – Sep 10 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 6 – Sep 17 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Nov 10 – Jan 5 | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | May 28 | — | — | Jul 23 – Sep 17 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | May 28 | — | Oct 1 – Oct 22 | 120–180 |
| Hubbard Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 1 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Jul 30 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 3 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | May 28 | — | — | Aug 27 – Oct 1 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Aug 6 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 23 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 6 – Sep 17 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 27 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | May 28 | — | — | Jul 30 – Sep 10 | 60–90 |
| Mache | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 30 | 40–60 |
| Melon | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 1 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | May 21 – Jun 18 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Aug 27 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 16 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 13 | 55–75 |
| Onion | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 13 – Oct 1 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 23 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 3 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Feb 26 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 22 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 22 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 30 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 16 – Aug 20 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jun 4 – Jun 25 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 30 – Sep 10 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jul 30 – Sep 3 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Aug 20 – Oct 1 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 23 – Sep 17 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Aug 6 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 6 – Sep 10 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Aug 13 – Oct 1 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Mar 19 | May 21 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Sep 24 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 3 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | May 28 | — | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 1 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 24 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 22 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | May 28 | — | Sep 17 – Oct 22 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | May 28 | — | — | Jul 30 – Sep 10 | 60–90 |
| Tatsoi | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 23 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Mar 12 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | May 7 | — | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 23 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 14 | Jun 30 | Jun 25 – Jul 30 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 1 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | May 28 | — | — | Jul 23 – Sep 17 | 50–65 |
| Zucchini | Apr 2 | May 28 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 17 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Williams County
22 fruits that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Williams County.
Show all 22 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | Sep 10 – Nov 5 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Blueberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Jun 11 | — | Aug 20 – Sep 24 | 70–90 |
| Cranberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Jun 11 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Jun 11 | — | Sep 3 – Oct 15 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Jun 11 | — | Sep 10 – Nov 5 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Williams County
30 herbs that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Williams County.
Show all 30 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Mar 19 | May 21 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | May 21 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jul 2 – Aug 20 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 24 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 17 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Dill | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 40–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 17 | 60–90 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | May 21 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 10 | 60–70 |
| Lovage | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jul 9 – Sep 10 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | May 21 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 1 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 16 – Sep 10 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Apr 2 | May 7 | May 7 | Jun 30 | Jun 18 – Aug 20 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 1 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Mar 19 | May 21 | Jun 4 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | May 21 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 1 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | May 21 | — | Sep 24 – Oct 15 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Williams County
49 flowers that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Williams County.
Show all 49 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Mar 19 | May 21 | May 21 | — | Jul 16 – Sep 24 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Sep 22 – Oct 13 | 28–42 |
| Astilbe | Mar 5 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 70–100 |
| Bachelor's Button | Mar 26 | Apr 30 | May 14 | — | Jul 16 – Sep 17 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Mar 5 | May 14 | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 60–80 |
| Bleeding Hearts | Mar 5 | — | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 3 | 60–90 |
| Calendula | Mar 26 | Apr 30 | May 14 | — | Jul 2 – Sep 17 | 50–70 |
| Celosia | Apr 2 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 15 | 60–90 |
| Columbine | Mar 5 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 3 | 70–100 |
| Coreopsis | Mar 5 | May 21 | May 28 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 29 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Apr 16 | May 21 | May 21 | — | Jul 30 – Oct 15 | 60–90 |
| Crocus | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Jun 16 – Jul 7 | 10–20 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Jun 23 – Jul 14 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | Apr 16 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Mar 5 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Mar 12 | Apr 23 | May 7 | — | Jun 25 – Aug 27 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Mar 5 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 70–90 |
| Foxglove | Mar 5 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 3 | 80–120 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Mar 19 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Nov 5 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | May 21 | May 21 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 70–100 |
| Hostas | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 27 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Jul 14 – Aug 4 | 14–28 |
| Hydrangeas | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 90–150 |
| Impatiens | Mar 12 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 8 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Aug 20 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | Apr 9 | — | — | Jun 18 – Jul 30 | 60–90 |
| Lilies | — | Division | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 70–120 |
| Lobelia | Mar 5 | — | May 14 | — | Jul 9 – Sep 3 | 70–80 |
| Lupine | Mar 5 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 3 | 75–100 |
| Marigolds | Apr 2 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 8 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Apr 16 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 23 – Oct 8 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Feb 26 | — | May 14 | — | Jul 9 – Aug 27 | 70–90 |
| Peonies | — | Division | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Sep 10 | 90–120 |
| Petunia | Mar 12 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 15 | 70–90 |
| Phlox | Mar 5 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 22 | 80–110 |
| Portulaca | Apr 2 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Jul 16 – Sep 24 | 50–70 |
| Roses | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 29 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Mar 5 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Mar 5 | — | May 28 | — | Oct 1 – Nov 19 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | Feb 26 | — | May 14 | — | Jul 23 – Sep 17 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Apr 23 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 20 – Oct 15 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | Mar 19 | May 7 | May 14 | — | Jun 25 – Aug 27 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | Mar 26 | Apr 9 | May 14 | — | Aug 6 – Sep 17 | 65–85 |
| Tulips | — | — | — | Aug 11 | Jul 7 – Jul 28 | 15–30 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Feb 26 | — | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 8 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Mar 5 | May 14 | May 28 | — | Aug 13 – Oct 29 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Apr 16 | May 28 | May 28 | — | Aug 6 – Oct 15 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Williams County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Williams County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Williams County, ND?
Williams County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Williams County, ND?
Based on 30 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Williams County falls around May 14. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between April 30 and May 30 — a 30-day window of variability. Use May 30 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Williams County, ND?
The median first fall frost in Williams County arrives around September 22. In cold years it can arrive as early as September 11; in mild years as late as October 5. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Williams County?
Williams County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 131 days. Focus on short-season varieties and start warm-season crops indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Climate records show the growing season is trending longer by about 4.36 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Williams County for gardening?
Williams County has predominantly Loam soil with a pH range of 6.4–7.6 and Moderately Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Williams County?
Williams County has commercial agriculture that includes Wheat, Corn, Soybeans, Cattle, Sunflowers. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Williams County a good location for home gardening?
Williams County scores 48/100 (Moderate) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Your Williams County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Williams County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log