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When to Plant Kidney Beans in Wells County, ND

Wells County, North Dakota Zone 4a April

Your April gardening checklist

April is a pivotal month for Wells County, North Dakota gardens. Focus on these tasks first and you'll set up the rest of the season for success.

Avg. last frost May 11
Avg. first frost September 29
Soil temp (4") 36°F
Watering None
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 13.4 hrs
A few tasks this April that'll pay off in May
  • Direct-sowing: kidney beans

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Kidney beans are a popular dry bean variety named for their shape, available in red and white types. They are the classic bean for chili and red beans and rice.

Wells County, North Dakota is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 11 and the first fall frost is September 29, giving you a growing season of approximately 141 days.

At an elevation of 796 feet, Wells County receives approximately 29.3 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 80°F, so choose short-season varieties of Kidney Beans to ensure they mature before fall.

Wells County, ND (Zone 4a) Short season
141 days
Last Spring Frost May 11
141 growing days
First Fall Frost September 29

Wells County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.3-7.8

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (16 days to spare)
Transplant: May 3 🍅 Harvest: Aug 2 – Sep 6
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (15 days to spare)
Transplant: May 11 🍅 Harvest: Aug 10 – Sep 14
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (18 days to spare)
Transplant: May 20 🍅 Harvest: Aug 19 – Sep 23

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Wells County

How your county's soil matches Kidney Beans's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.3–7.8) overlaps with Kidney Beans's range (6.0–7.5), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Wells County is excellent for Kidney Beans — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.8%). Annual compost additions will help Kidney Beans.

How to Plant Kidney Beans

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.9″/week
You supply
0.1″/week
Watering frequency Only during dry spells
Season total 160 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Kidney Beans

Kidney Beans needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Kidney Beans Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 0.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 4.8" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jun 4.3" 5.1" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jul 4.3" 3.6" 0.7" 💧 Light watering
Aug 4.3" 3.6" 0.7" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 2.6" 1.7" 💧 Light watering
Oct 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 0.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Wells County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Kidney Beans Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Kidney Beans needs ~975 GDD — county provides 1,410 GDD Excellent fit

Kidney Beans Planting Timeline — Wells County, ND

Kidney Beans Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Direct Sow May 25 May 25 – Jun 15
Harvest August 24 Aug 24 – Sep 28

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April
May Direct Sow
June Direct Sow
July
August Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · Only during dry spells

📅 Days to Maturity

85–110 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4a

📆 Growing Season

141 days in Wells County

Growing Tips for Kidney Beans in Wells County

Direct sow Kidney Beans outdoors after May 11 in Wells County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Kidney Beans in this region include bean beetles and aphids. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Direct sow after frost. Allow pods to dry completely on the plant. Kidney beans must be thoroughly cooked as raw or undercooked beans contain harmful lectins.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Onion
  • Garlic

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Kidney Beans in Wells County, ND?

Wells County is in Zone 4a with an average last frost of May 11. Plan your Kidney Beans planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Wells County, ND?

Wells County, North Dakota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 11 and first fall frost is September 29.

🌱

Your Wells County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Wells County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Wells County, ND. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: April 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.