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When to Plant Caraway in Roosevelt County, MT

Roosevelt County, Montana Zone 4a May

May to-do list for Roosevelt County, Montana

We've pulled the most time-sensitive tasks for Roosevelt County, Montana this May and put them front and centre. Tackle them in order.

Avg. last frost May 17
Avg. first frost September 18
Soil temp (4") 28°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 15 hrs
  1. Harden off and plant caraway

    Plant tomatoes deep — bury the stem up to the first true leaves to grow extra roots. Everything else goes in at the same depth it grew in the tray.

  2. Seed caraway outdoors

    Keep the top inch of soil moist until germination — a gentle morning watering for 5–7 days does the job.

June will be here before you know it — start on
  • Starting indoors: caraway
  • Fall sowing: caraway

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Caraway is a biennial herb grown for its distinctive crescent-shaped seeds used in rye bread, sauerkraut, and European cuisine. The leaves and roots are also edible.

Roosevelt County, Montana is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 17 and the first fall frost is September 18, giving you a growing season of approximately 124 days.

At an elevation of 7,123 feet, Roosevelt County receives approximately 19.8 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 78°F, so choose short-season varieties of Caraway to ensure they mature before fall. With low rainfall, drip irrigation is essential for growing Caraway successfully. Mulch heavily to conserve soil moisture.

Roosevelt County, MT (Zone 4a) Short season
124 days
Last Spring Frost May 17
124 growing days
First Fall Frost September 18
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Roosevelt County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.7-7.7

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: Apr 1 Transplant: May 6
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: Apr 5 Transplant: May 10
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: Apr 22 Transplant: May 27

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Roosevelt County

How your county's soil matches Caraway's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.7–7.7) overlaps with Caraway's range (6.0–7.5), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Roosevelt County is excellent for Caraway — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.7%). Annual compost additions will help Caraway.

How to Plant Caraway

0.5"
Planting Depth
8"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.7″/week
You supply
0.4″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 436 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 8/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Caraway

Caraway needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Caraway Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 2.3" 2" 💧 Light watering
Jun 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 4.3" 1.6" 2.7" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 4.3" 1.9" 2.4" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Roosevelt County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Caraway Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Caraway needs ~3,464 GDD — county provides 1,054 GDD May not mature

Caraway Planting Timeline — Roosevelt County, MT

Caraway Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 5 Apr 5 – Apr 19
Transplant Outdoors May 10 May 10 – May 24
Direct Sow May 10 May 10 – May 31
Fall Sowing June 26 Jun 26 – Jul 10

Plant 0.5" deep · 8" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June Fall Sowing
July Fall Sowing
August
September
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

365–450 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4a

📆 Growing Season

124 days in Roosevelt County

Growing Tips for Caraway in Roosevelt County

Direct sow Caraway outdoors after May 17 in Roosevelt County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Your 124.0-day growing season in Roosevelt County is tight for Caraway (365.0-450.0 days to maturity). Start indoors and choose early-maturing varieties.

Common pests for Caraway in this region include carrot rust fly and parsleyworm. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Roosevelt County receives only 20" of rain annually. Caraway needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Direct sow in spring or fall. Caraway produces seeds in its second year. Harvest seed heads when they turn brown. The young leaves can be used like parsley.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Fennel

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Caraway in Roosevelt County, MT?

Roosevelt County is in Zone 4a with an average last frost of May 17. Plan your Caraway planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Roosevelt County, MT?

Roosevelt County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 17 and first fall frost is September 18.

🌱

Your Roosevelt County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Roosevelt County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Roosevelt County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

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