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Vermilion County, IL — Planting Guide

Vermilion County is in USDA Zone 6a. The average last spring frost is April 14 and the first fall frost is October 16, giving you a growing season of approximately 185 days.

At an elevation of 1,218 ft, Vermilion County receives approximately 31.2 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 85°F with winter lows around 16°F. The predominant soil type is Silt Loam.

🌡️ Zone

6a (-10°F to -5°F min)

❄️ Last Frost

April 14

🍂 First Frost

October 16

📅 Growing Season

185 days

⛰️ Elevation

1,218 ft

🌧️ Annual Rainfall

31.2 in

Vermilion County, IL Moderate season
185 days
Last Spring Frost April 14
185 growing days
First Fall Frost October 16

Vermilion County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

6.0-7.0

Drainage

Well Drained

Zone 6a Frost Countdown
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Last Frost: Apr 14 First Frost: Oct 16

Soil & Growing Conditions in Vermilion County

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Ideal for most crops — holds moisture and nutrients while draining well.

Watering Needs

Moderate rainfall (31.2 in.) — plan to water 1–2 times per week during the growing season.

Season Tips

185-day frost-free season

Plenty of time for warm-season crops. Start heat-lovers indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost to maximise your harvest window.

Your Free Printable Garden Planner

Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.

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Recommended for Your Garden

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Soil Test Kit $12-25

Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.

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Digital pH Meter $10-20

Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.

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Organic Compost $8-30

Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.

🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Vermilion County

107 vegetables that grow well in Zone 6a with planting dates for Vermilion County.

Show all 107 vegetables with planting dates
Plant Start Indoors Direct Sow Transplant Fall Plant Harvest Days to Maturity
Acorn Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Aug 25 80–100
Amaranth Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Sep 15 90–120
Arugula Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 30–50
Asparagus Apr 28 730–1095
Beets Mar 31 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 23 50–70
Belgian Endive Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Aug 4 – Sep 29 110–150
Bitter Melon Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Aug 11 60–90
Black Beans Apr 21 Jul 21 – Sep 8 90–120
Bok Choy Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 30 40–60
Broccoli Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 16 – Jul 28 60–90
Broccoli Rabe Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 30 40–60
Brussels Sprouts Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Sep 8 90–130
Butternut Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Sep 1 85–110
Cabbage Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 16 – Aug 11 60–100
Calabash Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Sep 15 80–120
Carrots Mar 31 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jul 7 60–80
Cauliflower Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 11 55–100
Celeriac Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 28 – Sep 1 100–120
Celery Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 7 – Sep 1 80–120
Celtuce Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 16 – Jul 28 60–90
Chard Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Jul 28 50–60
Chickpeas Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 7 – Aug 18 80–110
Chicory Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 16 – Jul 28 60–85
Chinese Cabbage Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Jul 7 50–70
Christmas Lima Beans Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Aug 25 80–100
Collard Greens Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 11 55–75
Corn Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 18 60–100
Cowpeas Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 4 60–90
Cress Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Apr 28 – May 19 14–21
Crookneck Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 16 – Jul 14 45–60
Crosne Mar 31 Aug 7 Sep 1 – Oct 13 150–200
Cucumber Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 18 50–70
Daikon Mar 31 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 23 50–70
Delicata Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Aug 25 80–100
Edamame Apr 21 Jul 7 – Aug 18 75–100
Eggplant Feb 3 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Sep 8 65–85
Endive Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jul 7 45–65
Escarole Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Jul 7 50–70
Fava Beans Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 30 – Aug 11 75–100
Fennel Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Aug 11 60–90
Garlic Sep 4 Dec 4 – Mar 19 90–240
Green Beans Apr 21 Jun 16 – Aug 11 50–65
Horseradish Apr 28 Sep 1 – Nov 10 120–180
Hot Peppers Feb 3 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Oct 13 70–120
Hubbard Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Aug 11 – Sep 15 100–120
Kabocha Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Aug 25 85–100
Kai Lan Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jun 30 45–60
Kale Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 4 50–70
Kidney Beans Apr 21 Jul 21 – Aug 25 85–110
Kohlrabi Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jul 7 45–65
Komatsuna Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jun 23 35–50
Leeks Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Sep 29 90–150
Lentils Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 7 – Aug 18 80–110
Lettuce Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 28 30–60
Lima Beans Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 4 60–90
Loofah Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Aug 11 – Oct 13 100–150
Luffa Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Oct 13 90–150
Mache Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 30 40–60
Melon Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Aug 25 70–100
Microgreens Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Apr 21 – May 19 7–21
Mitsuba Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jul 28 50–70
Mizuna Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jun 16 30–45
Mustard Greens Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 30–50
Napa Cabbage Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Jul 14 55–75
New Zealand Spinach Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Jul 21 55–70
Okra Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 18 50–65
Onion Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Sep 1 90–120
Pac Choi Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 23 40–55
Parsnip Mar 31 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Aug 25 100–130
Patty Pan Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 16 – Jul 14 45–60
Peas Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 4 55–70
Peppers Feb 3 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Sep 8 60–90
Pole Beans Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 18 55–70
Potatoes Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Sep 15 70–120
Pumpkin Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Sep 15 85–120
Purslane Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 30 40–60
Radicchio Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 16 – Jul 21 60–80
Radish Mar 31 Aug 7 Apr 28 – May 19 22–35
Rhubarb May 5 365–730
Romanesco Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 30 – Aug 11 75–100
Rutabaga Mar 31 Aug 7 Jun 23 – Jul 28 80–100
Salsify Mar 31 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Aug 25 100–130
Savoy Cabbage Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 23 – Aug 18 70–110
Scallions Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Jul 7 50–70
Scarlet Runner Beans Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Aug 4 60–80
Shallot Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jul 14 – Sep 1 90–120
Shiso Feb 24 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 18 50–70
Snap Peas Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 18 55–70
Snow Peas Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 4 50–65
Soybeans Apr 21 Jul 14 – Sep 8 80–120
Spaghetti Squash Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Aug 25 85–100
Spinach Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 35–50
Squash (Summer) Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 16 – Aug 18 45–65
Squash (Winter) Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Sep 15 80–120
Sunchoke Apr 28 Aug 18 – Oct 13 110–150
Sweet Corn Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 4 60–90
Sweet Potatoes Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Sep 15 90–120
Tatsoi Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 19 – Jun 23 35–50
Tomatillo Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Sep 8 60–85
Tomatoes Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 30 – Sep 8 60–85
Turnip Mar 31 Aug 7 May 12 – Jun 16 40–60
Watercress Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 14 Aug 7 May 26 – Jun 30 40–60
Watermelon Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Aug 25 70–100
Wax Beans Apr 21 Jun 16 – Aug 11 50–65
Winter Melon Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jul 28 – Sep 15 90–120
Yard Long Beans Feb 17 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 4 55–80
Zucchini Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 16 – Aug 11 45–60

🍓 Fruits to Grow in Vermilion County

27 fruits that grow well in Zone 6a with planting dates for Vermilion County.

Show all 27 fruits with planting dates
Plant Start Indoors Direct Sow Transplant Fall Plant Harvest Days to Maturity
Alpine Strawberries May 5 Aug 4 – Nov 17 90–180
Aronia May 5 730–1095
Blackberries May 5 365–730
Blueberries May 5 730–1095
Boysenberries May 5 365–730
Cantaloupe May 5 Jul 14 – Aug 18 70–90
Che Fruit May 5 1095–1825
Cranberries May 5 730–1095
Currants May 5 730–1095
Elderberries May 5 730–1095
Goji Berries May 5 730–1095
Gooseberries May 5 730–1095
Grapes May 5 730–1095
Ground Cherry May 5 Jul 14 – Sep 8 65–80
Hardy Kiwi May 5 1095–1825
Haskaps May 5 730–1095
Honeydew May 5 Jul 28 – Sep 8 80–110
Jostaberry May 5 730–1095
Lingonberries May 5 730–1095
Medlar May 5 1095–1825
Mulberries May 5 730–1825
Pawpaw May 5 1095–2555
Persimmon May 5 1095–2555
Quince May 5 1095–1825
Raspberries May 5 365–730
Serviceberries May 5 730–1095
Strawberries May 5 Aug 4 – Nov 17 90–365

🌿 Herbs to Grow in Vermilion County

35 herbs that grow well in Zone 6a with planting dates for Vermilion County.

Show all 35 herbs with planting dates
Plant Start Indoors Direct Sow Transplant Fall Plant Harvest Days to Maturity
Angelica Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 365–730
Anise Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jul 7 – Sep 22 90–120
Basil Feb 24 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 25 50–75
Bee Balm Apr 21 Jul 21 – Oct 6 90–120
Borage Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jun 2 – Jul 21 50–60
Caraway Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 365–450
Catnip Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 25 60–80
Chamomile Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 18 60–90
Chervil Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 40–60
Chives Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Cilantro Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 40–60
Comfrey Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Cumin Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jul 21 – Sep 22 100–120
Dill Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 40–60
Epazote Feb 24 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 16 – Aug 11 45–60
Fennel (herb) Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 18 60–90
Feverfew Apr 21 Jul 21 – Oct 6 90–120
Garlic Chives Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Horehound Apr 21 Jul 7 – Sep 1 75–90
Hyssop Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 1 70–90
Lemon Balm Apr 21 Jun 23 – Aug 11 60–70
Lemon Thyme Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 1 70–90
Lovage Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 1 70–90
Marjoram Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Mint Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Oregano Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Parsley Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 Jun 9 – Aug 11 60–80
Rue Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 1 70–90
Sage Apr 21 Jul 7 – Sep 1 75–90
Savory Apr 21 Jun 16 – Aug 11 50–70
Sorrel Mar 10 Mar 31 Apr 7 Aug 7 May 19 – Jul 21 40–60
Tarragon Apr 21 Jun 23 – Sep 1 60–90
Thai Basil Feb 24 Apr 21 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Aug 25 50–75
Thyme Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 1 70–90
Valerian Apr 21 Aug 25 – Nov 3 120–180

🌸 Flowers to Grow in Vermilion County

53 flowers that grow well in Zone 6a with planting dates for Vermilion County.

Show all 53 flowers with planting dates
Plant Start Indoors Direct Sow Transplant Fall Plant Bloom Days to Maturity
Ageratum Feb 24 Apr 14 Apr 14 Jun 9 – Sep 15 60–75
Alliums Sep 4 Oct 2 – Oct 30 28–42
Anemones Mar 17 Apr 14 May 19 – Jun 16 90–120
Astilbe Feb 10 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 8 70–100
Bachelor's Button Mar 3 Mar 17 Apr 14 Sep 4 Jun 16 – Sep 1 60–90
Begonias Feb 3 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 29 70–90
Black-eyed Susan Feb 10 Apr 14 Apr 21 Jul 7 – Oct 20 60–80
Bleeding Hearts Feb 10 Apr 21 Jun 16 – Jul 21 60–90
Calendula Mar 3 Mar 17 Apr 14 Jun 2 – Sep 1 50–70
California Poppy Mar 17 May 26 – Jul 7 60–90
Celosia Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 23 – Oct 6 60–90
Columbine Feb 10 Apr 28 Apr 28 Jun 23 – Jul 28 70–100
Coreopsis Feb 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 20 60–80
Cosmos Mar 17 Apr 14 Apr 14 Jun 23 – Sep 29 60–90
Crocus Sep 4 Jul 24 – Aug 14 10–20
Daffodils Sep 4 Jul 31 – Aug 21 20–40
Dahlias Mar 17 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jul 7 – Oct 20 70–120
Daylily Feb 10 Apr 21 Jul 7 – Oct 20 60–90
Dianthus Feb 17 Mar 17 Mar 31 May 19 – Aug 18 60–80
Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) Feb 10 Apr 28 Apr 28 Jul 21 – Oct 27 70–90
Foxglove Feb 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 16 – Jul 21 80–120
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) Feb 24 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Nov 3 70–100
Geraniums Feb 3 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 29 70–100
Gladiolus Apr 14 Apr 14 Jun 30 – Oct 13 70–100
Hostas Feb 3 Apr 21 Jul 7 – Oct 20 60–90
Hyacinths Sep 4 Aug 21 – Sep 11 14–28
Hydrangeas Feb 3 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 90–150
Impatiens Feb 17 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 60–75
Irises Division Apr 21 Jun 16 – Jul 14 60–100
Larkspur Mar 17 May 26 – Jul 21 60–90
Lavender Feb 3 Apr 28 Jul 7 – Sep 1 90–120
Lilies Division Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 70–120
Lobelia Feb 10 Mar 31 May 26 – Aug 18 70–80
Lupine Feb 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 16 – Jul 21 75–100
Marigolds Mar 3 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 16 – Sep 15 50–70
Nasturtium Mar 17 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 16 – Oct 6 55–65
Pansy Feb 3 Apr 14 Aug 21 Jun 9 – Aug 11 70–90
Peonies Division Apr 21 Jun 23 – Jul 28 90–120
Petunia Feb 17 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 70–90
Phlox Feb 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Sep 22 80–110
Portulaca Mar 10 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 9 – Sep 22 50–70
Ranunculus Mar 3 Apr 14 May 26 – Jun 23 90–120
Roses Feb 3 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 20 90–180
Salvia Feb 10 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 70–90
Sedum (Stonecrop) Feb 10 Apr 21 Aug 11 – Oct 27 60–90
Snapdragon Feb 3 Mar 24 Apr 14 Jun 23 – Sep 1 70–100
Sunflower Mar 24 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jul 14 – Oct 6 70–100
Sweet Alyssum Feb 24 Mar 24 Apr 14 May 26 – Aug 4 45–60
Sweet Pea Mar 3 Mar 10 Apr 14 Jun 30 – Sep 8 65–85
Tulips Sep 4 Aug 14 – Sep 11 15–30
Vinca (Annual) Feb 3 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 70–90
Yarrow Feb 10 Apr 14 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 20 60–90
Zinnia Mar 17 Apr 21 Apr 21 Jun 30 – Oct 6 60–70

Monthly Planting Guide for Vermilion County

Gardening Guides & Resources

Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Vermilion County.

Frequently Asked Questions

What planting zone is Vermilion County, IL?

Vermilion County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 6a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.

When is the last frost in Vermilion County, IL?

Based on 30 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Vermilion County falls around April 14. Plan transplants and direct-sow dates relative to this date.

When is the first fall frost in Vermilion County, IL?

The median first fall frost in Vermilion County arrives around October 16. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.

🌱

Your Vermilion County Garden Planner — Free

A 22-page printable planner built for Vermilion County (Zone 6a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

Instant PDF download. No spam, unsubscribe any time.

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The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.

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Composting Guide for Homesteaders

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Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates represent 50% probability averages; local conditions vary by elevation and microclimate. Last updated: July 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.