Pima County, AZ — Planting Guide
Pima County is in USDA Zone 9a. The average last spring frost is April 1 and the first fall frost is November 9, giving you a growing season of approximately 222 days.
At an elevation of 4,327 ft, Pima County receives approximately 14.4 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 103°F with winter lows around 47°F. The predominant soil type is Sandy Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 66 days year to year — ranging from March 1 in warm years to May 5 in cold years. Pima County scores 39/100 (Challenging) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
9a (20°F to 25°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
April 1
🍂 First Frost
November 9
📅 Growing Season
222 days
⛰️ Elevation
4,327 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
14.4 in
Monthly Watering Calendar
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.9 in | 2 days | — | None |
| Feb | 0.8 in | 3 days | 3.5 in | Critical |
| Mar | 0.7 in | 2 days | 3.6 in | Critical |
| Apr | 0.5 in | 1 days | 3.8 in | Critical |
| May | 0.4 in | 1 days | 3.9 in | Critical |
| Jun | 0.5 in | 2 days | 3.8 in | Critical |
| Jul | 2.7 in | 7 days | 1.6 in | High |
| Aug | 3.2 in | 8 days | 1.1 in | Moderate |
| Sep | 1.9 in | 4 days | 2.4 in | High |
| Oct | 1.4 in | 2 days | 2.9 in | High |
| Nov | 0.7 in | 1 days | 3.6 in | Critical |
| Dec | 0.9 in | 2 days | — | None |
Annual total: 14.6 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Pima County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH
6.8-8.3
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | May 5 | Dec 6 | 215 days |
| Cautious | Apr 14 | Nov 23 | 223 days |
| Average year | Apr 1 | Nov 9 | 222 days |
| Optimistic | Mar 22 | Nov 2 | 225 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Mar 1 | Oct 21 | 234 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±66 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Pima County has challenging growing conditions. Season extension and careful variety selection are essential.
Local Gardening Help in Pima County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Pima County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Pima County University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Extension Office
Phone: 520-621-7205
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Pima County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Pima County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Pima County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Pima County AZ" or "garden center Pima County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Pima County AZ" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Pima County Gardeners" or "Arizona Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Longest Day
14.1 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
9.9 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
12.6 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Day-neutral onion varieties like Candy, Cabernet, and Sierra Blanca perform best in your day-length range.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10.1 hr | 7 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.9 hr | 8 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.8 hr | 9.1 hr | Short day |
| April | 12.8 hr | 11 hr | Neutral |
| May | 13.6 hr | 11.3 hr | Neutral |
| June | 14.1 hr | 12.6 hr | Long day |
| July | 13.9 hr | 10.4 hr | Neutral |
| August | 13.2 hr | 9.5 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.2 hr | 9.8 hr | Neutral |
| October | 11.2 hr | 9.1 hr | Short day |
| November | 10.3 hr | 7.7 hr | Short day |
| December | 9.9 hr | 7.4 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting Calendar
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from May through Oct.
Best Month to Compost
May
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
8 months
Nearly year-round composting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 39°F | 46°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | 41°F | 48°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Mar | 47°F | 51°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Apr | 56°F | 56°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| May | 66°F | 64°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jun | 75°F | 72°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 84°F | 78°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 86°F | 80°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 78°F | 76°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 69°F | 69°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Nov | 54°F | 60°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Dec | 44°F | 51°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Pima County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 6 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | High | Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Whiteflies | High | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Spider mites | High | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
| Fire ants | High | Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Thrips | Moderate | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Leaf miners | Moderate | Mar, Apr, May, Jun |
Organic pest management tips
- Use row covers on susceptible crops during peak pest months
- Apply neem oil preventatively every 7-14 days during active pest season
- Interplant with strong-scented herbs (basil, marigold) to confuse pests
- Hand-pick larger pests (beetles, caterpillars) in early morning when they're sluggish
- Practice crop rotation — never plant the same family in the same spot within 3 years
Cover Crops for Pima County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with county-specific planting dates.
Spring Cover Crops (4 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Apr 8 | Aug 31 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| Cowpeas (southern peas) | Apr 5 | Sep 7 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer for warm climates, edible |
| Sorghum-sudan grass | Apr 1 | Aug 31 | — | Massive biomass, breaks compaction, suppresses nematodes |
| White clover | Mar 5 | Sep 7 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Apr 16 | Oct 26 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (4 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrian winter peas | Sep 2 | Mar 11 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, good for heavy clay soils |
| Crimson clover | Sep 5 | Mar 11 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, attracts pollinators in spring |
| Daikon radish | Sep 14 | Mar 11 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Aug 16 | Mar 11 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
Wind & Microclimate
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 12 mph Summer: 10 mph
Fall: 10 mph Winter: 13 mph
Prevailing wind: SW. Moderate wind — consider a temporary windbreak for young seedlings.
Windbreak Benefit
6.8/10
Moderately beneficial — a simple fence or trellis can protect delicate crops from wind stress.
Frost Pocket Risk
Moderate
Some terrain variation (878 ft range). Garden on slopes or higher ground if possible to avoid late-season frost pockets.
Rainwater Harvesting Potential
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
Annual Collection
7,276 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
8 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 2,000 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 14.6 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 7,276 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- In your dry climate, every drop counts — consider a larger cistern system
- Position collection tanks in shade to reduce evaporation and algae growth
Soil & Growing Conditions in Pima County
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH 6.8–8.3 · Excessively Drained drainage
Raised beds strongly recommended here — native soil drainage or texture limits in-ground options.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 9.5/10
Very high drought stress. Irrigation is critical for garden success. Focus on water-efficient techniques and drought-adapted crops.
Season Tips
222-day frost-free season
Plenty of time for warm-season crops. Start heat-lovers indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost to maximise your harvest window.
Free Garden Planner
Plan your entire garden season — organize planting dates, track what you're growing, and know exactly when to start seeds, transplant, and harvest.
Recommended for Your Garden
Reduce heat stress and sun scorch in hot climates with UV-stabilized shade cloth.
Retain moisture and nutrients in sandy soils with expanded vermiculite.
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Pima County
115 vegetables that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Pima County.
Show all 115 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Aug 5 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 90–120 |
| Artichoke | — | — | Apr 15 | Aug 19 – Oct 28 | 120–180 |
| Arugula | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Mar 11 | — | May 6 – Jun 3 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Jul 22 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 17 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 3 – Jul 15 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 17 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 1 – Aug 26 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 12 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Aug 26 | 80–120 |
| Cardoon | — | — | Apr 15 | Aug 19 – Sep 30 | 120–150 |
| Carrots | — | Mar 11 | — | May 13 – Jun 17 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 29 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 15 – Aug 19 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 24 – Aug 19 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 3 – Jul 15 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 15 | 50–60 |
| Chayote | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Aug 12 – Oct 21 | 120–180 |
| Chickpeas | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 24 – Aug 5 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 3 – Jul 15 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jun 24 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Aug 5 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 29 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 10 – Aug 5 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 10 – Jul 22 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Apr 15 – May 6 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | May 27 – Jun 24 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Mar 11 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 14 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Mar 11 | — | May 6 – Jun 3 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Aug 5 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 24 – Aug 5 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 24 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jun 24 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 17 – Jul 29 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Jul 22 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | — | 90–240 |
| Ginger | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Dec 9 – Feb 3 | 240–300 |
| Green Beans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | Apr 15 | Aug 19 – Oct 28 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Sep 23 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 22 – Aug 26 | 100–120 |
| Jicama | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Aug 12 – Oct 21 | 120–180 |
| Kabocha | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 5 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 17 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 22 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jul 8 – Aug 12 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 24 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jun 10 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 1 – Sep 16 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 24 – Aug 5 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jul 15 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 10 – Jul 22 | 60–90 |
| Loofah | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 22 – Sep 23 | 100–150 |
| Luffa | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Sep 23 | 90–150 |
| Mache | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 17 | 40–60 |
| Malabar Spinach | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 1 | 55–70 |
| Melon | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 5 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 – May 6 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 20 – Jul 15 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jun 3 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 1 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 1 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 1 – Aug 19 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 10 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Mar 11 | — | Jun 24 – Aug 5 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | May 27 – Jun 24 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 22 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 26 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 17 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 3 – Jul 8 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Mar 11 | — | Apr 8 – Apr 29 | 22–35 |
| Romanesco | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 17 – Jul 29 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Mar 11 | — | Jun 3 – Jul 8 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Mar 11 | — | Jun 24 – Aug 5 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jun 10 – Aug 5 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jun 24 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Jul 15 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | Jul 1 – Aug 19 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 27 – Jul 22 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jul 1 – Aug 26 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 5 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | May 27 – Jul 29 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Aug 26 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | Apr 15 | Aug 5 – Sep 30 | 110–150 |
| Sunflower | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 5 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 10 – Jul 22 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 6 – Jun 10 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–85 |
| Turmeric | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Dec 9 – Feb 3 | 240–300 |
| Turnip | — | Mar 11 | — | Apr 22 – May 27 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Apr 1 | May 13 – Jun 17 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 5 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Apr 8 | — | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 90–120 |
| Yam | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Oct 7 – Feb 3 | 180–330 |
| Yard Long Beans | Feb 18 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 15 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Mar 4 | Apr 1 | Apr 8 | May 27 – Jul 22 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Pima County
24 fruits that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Pima County.
Show all 24 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Apr 15 | Jul 15 – Oct 28 | 90–180 |
| Blackberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–730 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Apr 15 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Dragon Fruit | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–730 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Figs | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1825 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Apr 15 | Jun 24 – Aug 19 | 65–80 |
| Guava | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–730 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Apr 15 | Jul 8 – Aug 19 | 80–110 |
| Kiwi | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Loquat | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1825 |
| Passion Fruit | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–545 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Pomegranate | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Quince | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Apr 15 | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Apr 15 | Jul 15 – Feb 10 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Pima County
40 herbs that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Pima County.
Show all 40 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anise | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | Jun 24 – Sep 9 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Aug 5 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Sep 23 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 20 – Jul 8 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 12 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 27 – Aug 5 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | Jul 8 – Sep 9 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 40–60 |
| Echinacea | — | — | Apr 8 | Aug 12 – Nov 18 | 120–180 |
| Epazote | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | May 27 – Jul 22 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 27 – Aug 5 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Sep 23 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 24 – Aug 19 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 70–90 |
| Lavender | — | — | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Dec 9 | 90–200 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Jul 29 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Verbena | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Lemongrass | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 24 – Sep 23 | 75–120 |
| Marjoram | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 27 – Jul 29 | 60–80 |
| Rosemary | — | — | Apr 8 | Jul 1 – Nov 18 | 80–180 |
| Rue | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 24 – Aug 19 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Jul 29 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Mar 4 | Mar 11 | Mar 25 | May 6 – Jul 8 | 40–60 |
| Stevia | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 10 – Aug 19 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Feb 18 | Apr 8 | Apr 8 | Jun 3 – Aug 5 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Apr 8 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Apr 8 | Aug 12 – Nov 18 | 120–180 |
| Yarrow | — | — | Apr 8 | Jul 8 – Sep 23 | 90–120 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Pima County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Pima County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Pima County, AZ?
Pima County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 9a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Pima County, AZ?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Pima County falls around April 1. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between March 1 and May 5 — a 66-day window of variability. Use May 5 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Pima County, AZ?
The median first fall frost in Pima County arrives around November 9. In cold years it can arrive as early as October 21; in mild years as late as December 6. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Pima County?
Pima County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 222 days. This long season supports multiple succession plantings and warm-season crops that need extended heat, like sweet potatoes and melons.
What is the soil like in Pima County for gardening?
Pima County has predominantly Sandy Loam soil with a pH range of 6.8–8.3 and Excessively Drained drainage. The native soil conditions make raised beds a particularly good investment here — they let you control drainage and fertility independent of the ground soil.
What is grown commercially in Pima County?
Pima County has commercial agriculture that includes Cattle, Hay, Cotton. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Pima County a good location for home gardening?
Pima County scores 39/100 (Challenging) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Plan Your Garden with Confidence
Get our free Garden Planner — designed to help Pima County gardeners in Zone 9a organize planting dates, track what's growing, and never miss a planting window.
Get Your Free Garden Planner →Free download. Plan your entire garden season in minutes.
