Maricopa County, AZ — Planting Guide
July in the garden — Maricopa County, Arizona
If you only do a handful of things in the garden this July, make it these. They're sequenced around your zone's frost timing.
-
Start harvesting ageratum, alpine strawberries, and anise
Morning harvests are best — cooler temperatures mean crisper produce and longer fridge life.
Before August arrives, get these ready
- First harvests: ageratum, alpine strawberries, and artichoke
- Fall sowing: california poppy
Maricopa County is in USDA Zone 9b. The average last spring frost is January 31 and the first fall frost is December 6, giving you a growing season of approximately 310 days.
At an elevation of 4,014 ft, Maricopa County receives approximately 12.5 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 108°F with winter lows around 48°F. The predominant soil type is Sandy Loam.
Based on 22 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 54 days year to year — ranging from January 4 in warm years to February 27 in cold years. The growing season is trending shorter by about 1.44 days per decade. Maricopa County scores 31/100 (Challenging) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
9b (25°F to 30°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
January 31
🍂 First Frost
December 6
📅 Growing Season
310 days
⛰️ Elevation
4,014 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
12.5 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Maricopa County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
What this means for you: Watering math is simple: 1 inch of rainfall delivers ~600 gallons to a 1,000 sq ft garden. Maricopa County's 13" annual rainfall covers some months entirely; others need a few hours of drip irrigation per week. The calendar tells you which is which.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.9 in | 2 days | — | None |
| Feb | 0.8 in | 2 days | 3.5 in | Critical |
| Mar | 0.7 in | 2 days | 3.6 in | Critical |
| Apr | 0.5 in | 0 days | 3.8 in | Critical |
| May | 0.3 in | 1 days | 4 in | Critical |
| Jun | 0.4 in | 2 days | 3.9 in | Critical |
| Jul | 2.1 in | 7 days | 2.2 in | High |
| Aug | 2.3 in | 8 days | 2 in | High |
| Sep | 1.9 in | 5 days | 2.4 in | High |
| Oct | 1.2 in | 2 days | 3.1 in | Critical |
| Nov | 0.6 in | 2 days | 3.7 in | Critical |
| Dec | 0.8 in | 3 days | — | None |
Annual total: 12.5 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Maricopa County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH
7.2-8.5
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 22 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | Feb 27 | Dec 28 | 304 days |
| Cautious | Feb 6 | Dec 20 | 317 days |
| Average year | Jan 31 | Dec 6 | 309 days |
| Optimistic | Jan 17 | Dec 1 | 318 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Jan 4 | Nov 23 | 323 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±54 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting shorter here (about 1.4 days per decade). Use the "Conservative" dates and choose fast-maturing varieties.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Maricopa County has challenging growing conditions. Season extension and careful variety selection are essential.
Local Gardening Help in Maricopa County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Maricopa County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Maricopa County University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Extension Office
Phone: 520-621-7205
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Maricopa County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Maricopa County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Maricopa County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Maricopa County AZ" or "garden center Maricopa County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Maricopa County AZ" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Maricopa County Gardeners" or "Arizona Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Maricopa County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
For new gardeners: You can't change the sun. Picking the right day-length-matched varieties for Maricopa County matters more than any other "fix" you make — and the seed packet tells you (look for "long-day," "short-day," "day-neutral").
Longest Day
14.2 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
9.8 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
12.7 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Day-neutral onion varieties like Candy, Cabernet, and Sierra Blanca perform best in your day-length range.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10 hr | 7.4 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.8 hr | 8.1 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.8 hr | 9.5 hr | Short day |
| April | 12.8 hr | 10.1 hr | Neutral |
| May | 13.7 hr | 11.4 hr | Neutral |
| June | 14.2 hr | 12.7 hr | Long day |
| July | 14 hr | 11 hr | Long day |
| August | 13.2 hr | 9.1 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.2 hr | 9.6 hr | Neutral |
| October | 11.1 hr | 9.2 hr | Short day |
| November | 10.2 hr | 7.6 hr | Short day |
| December | 9.8 hr | 7.2 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Maricopa County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Quick context: Compost piles need 130-160°F internal temp to actively break down. Below 50°F ambient, microbial activity slows dramatically. Maricopa County's soil temperature curve also tells you when your compost is working and when it's napping.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from May through Oct.
Best Month to Compost
May
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
8 months
Nearly year-round composting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 42°F | 47°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Feb | 44°F | 46°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Mar | 48°F | 52°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Apr | 59°F | 56°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| May | 66°F | 65°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jun | 76°F | 73°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 84°F | 79°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 84°F | 82°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 81°F | 79°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 70°F | 71°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Nov | 55°F | 63°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Dec | 46°F | 54°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Maricopa County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Quick context: Pest pressure is a function of climate, not effort. Maricopa County's baseline tells you how much vigilance is normal. A bad pest year in low-pressure region = a normal year in high-pressure region.
Insect Pest Pressure
High — expect multiple pest generations. Preventative measures essential.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 6 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | High | Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Whiteflies | High | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Spider mites | High | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
| Fire ants | High | Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Thrips | Moderate | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Leaf miners | Low | Mar, Apr, May, Jun |
Organic pest management tips
- Use row covers on susceptible crops during peak pest months
- Apply neem oil preventatively every 7-14 days during active pest season
- Interplant with strong-scented herbs (basil, marigold) to confuse pests
- Hand-pick larger pests (beetles, caterpillars) in early morning when they're sluggish
- Practice crop rotation — never plant the same family in the same spot within 3 years
Cover Crops for Maricopa County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
What this means for you: Bare soil is wasted soil — it loses nutrients to rain, dries out, compacts, and gets taken over by weeds. Cover crops (clovers, ryegrass, vetch, peas) are the "between seasons" trick that makes soil better every year. In Maricopa County, you can fit a cover crop into the gaps.
Spring Cover Crops (4 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Feb 9 | Oct 4 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| Cowpeas (southern peas) | Feb 9 | Oct 4 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer for warm climates, edible |
| Sorghum-sudan grass | Feb 8 | Sep 27 | — | Massive biomass, breaks compaction, suppresses nematodes |
| White clover | Jan 1 | Sep 27 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Feb 24 | Nov 15 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (4 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrian winter peas | Oct 1 | Jan 10 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, good for heavy clay soils |
| Crimson clover | Sep 30 | Jan 10 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, attracts pollinators in spring |
| Daikon radish | Oct 13 | Jan 17 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Sep 26 | Jan 17 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
Wind & Microclimate in Maricopa County
Why this matters: New gardeners under-plan for wind. Maricopa County averages 10.0 mph — fine for most days. But every region has its windy days, and the first time a row of unstaked peppers leans over after a storm is a lesson you only need once.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 14 mph Summer: 10 mph
Fall: 11 mph Winter: 11 mph
Prevailing wind: SW. Moderate wind — consider a temporary windbreak for young seedlings.
Windbreak Benefit
6.8/10
Moderately beneficial — a simple fence or trellis can protect delicate crops from wind stress.
Frost Pocket Risk
Moderate
Some terrain variation (899 ft range). Garden on slopes or higher ground if possible to avoid late-season frost pockets.
Rainwater Harvesting in Maricopa County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
Quick context: Captured rainwater is better for plants than tap water (no chlorine), works during water restrictions, and reduces stormwater runoff. Maricopa County's 13" annual rainfall is a meaningful pool — most homes could capture 10,000+ gallons a year with a decent system.
Annual Collection
6,230 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
8 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 2,000 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 12.5 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 6,230 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- In your dry climate, every drop counts — consider a larger cistern system
- Position collection tanks in shade to reduce evaporation and algae growth
Soil & Growing Conditions in Maricopa County
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH 7.2–8.5 · Well Drained drainage
Raised beds strongly recommended here — native soil drainage or texture limits in-ground options.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 9.5/10
Very high drought stress. Irrigation is critical for garden success. Focus on water-efficient techniques and drought-adapted crops.
Season Tips
310-day frost-free season
Your long season supports multiple successions and heat-demanding crops like melons, sweet potatoes, and peppers. Plant warm-season crops as soon as soil warms.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Reduce heat stress and sun scorch in hot climates with UV-stabilized shade cloth.
Retain moisture and nutrients in sandy soils with expanded vermiculite.
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Maricopa County
114 vegetables that grow well in Zone 9b with planting dates for Maricopa County.
Show all 114 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Jun 6 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 27 | 90–120 |
| Artichoke | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Jun 20 – Aug 29 | 120–180 |
| Arugula | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – Apr 4 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 23 – Jul 18 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – May 23 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | May 9 – Jun 27 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 16 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 2 – Jun 27 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 13 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 30 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Jun 27 | 80–120 |
| Cardoon | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Jun 20 – Aug 1 | 120–150 |
| Carrots | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 30 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 16 – Jun 20 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jun 20 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 16 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 16 | 50–60 |
| Chayote | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Jun 13 – Aug 22 | 120–180 |
| Chickpeas | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jun 6 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 16 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – Apr 25 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Jun 6 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 30 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 11 – Jun 6 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 11 – May 23 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Feb 14 – Mar 7 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Mar 28 – Apr 25 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Jun 13 – Aug 15 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – Apr 4 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Jun 6 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 25 – Jun 6 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 20 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 21 – Apr 25 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – Apr 25 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 18 – May 30 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – May 23 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Oct 25 | Jan 24 – Jul 11 | 90–240 |
| Ginger | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Oct 10 – Dec 5 | 240–300 |
| Green Beans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Jun 20 – Aug 29 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jul 25 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 23 – Jun 27 | 100–120 |
| Jicama | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Jun 13 – Aug 22 | 120–180 |
| Kabocha | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 6 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 21 – Apr 18 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 23 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | May 9 – Jun 13 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 21 – Apr 25 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – Apr 11 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 2 – Jul 18 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jun 6 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 16 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 11 – May 23 | 60–90 |
| Loofah | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 23 – Jul 25 | 100–150 |
| Luffa | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jul 25 | 90–150 |
| Mache | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 40–60 |
| Malabar Spinach | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 2 | 55–70 |
| Melon | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 6 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Feb 7 – Mar 7 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 21 – May 16 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – Apr 4 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 2 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 2 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 2 – Jun 20 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 11 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jun 6 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Mar 28 – Apr 25 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 23 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 27 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 27 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 9 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Feb 7 – Feb 28 | 22–35 |
| Romanesco | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 18 – May 30 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Apr 4 – May 9 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jun 6 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Apr 11 – Jun 6 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – Apr 25 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – May 16 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | May 2 – Jun 20 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 23 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | May 2 – Jun 27 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 6 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Mar 28 – May 30 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Jun 27 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Jun 6 – Aug 1 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 11 – May 23 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 27 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – Apr 11 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–85 |
| Turmeric | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Oct 10 – Dec 5 | 240–300 |
| Turnip | — | Jan 10 | — | Oct 11 | Feb 21 – Mar 28 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 31 | Oct 11 | Mar 14 – Apr 18 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 6 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Feb 7 | — | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jun 27 | 90–120 |
| Yam | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Aug 8 – Dec 5 | 180–330 |
| Yard Long Beans | Dec 20 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 16 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Jan 3 | Jan 31 | Feb 7 | — | Mar 28 – May 23 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Maricopa County
24 fruits that grow well in Zone 9b with planting dates for Maricopa County.
Show all 24 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | May 16 – Aug 29 | 90–180 |
| Blackberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Apr 25 – May 30 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Dragon Fruit | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Figs | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Feb 14 | — | Apr 25 – Jun 20 | 65–80 |
| Guava | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Feb 14 | — | May 9 – Jun 20 | 80–110 |
| Kiwi | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Loquat | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Passion Fruit | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–545 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Pomegranate | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Quince | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Feb 14 | — | May 16 – Dec 12 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Maricopa County
37 herbs that grow well in Zone 9b with planting dates for Maricopa County.
Show all 37 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anise | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Apr 25 – Jul 11 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – Jun 6 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jul 25 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 21 – May 9 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 13 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – Jun 6 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | May 9 – Jul 11 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 40–60 |
| Epazote | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Mar 28 – May 23 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – Jun 6 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Feb 7 | — | May 9 – Jul 25 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 25 – Jun 20 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 20 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – May 30 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 20 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Verbena | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Lemongrass | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 25 – Jul 25 | 75–120 |
| Marjoram | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 28 – May 30 | 60–80 |
| Rosemary | — | — | Feb 7 | — | May 2 – Sep 19 | 80–180 |
| Rue | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 20 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 25 – Jun 20 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – May 30 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 24 | Oct 11 | Mar 7 – May 9 | 40–60 |
| Stevia | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 11 – Jun 20 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Dec 20 | Feb 7 | Feb 7 | — | Apr 4 – Jun 6 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Apr 18 – Jun 20 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Feb 7 | — | Jun 13 – Sep 19 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Maricopa County
42 flowers that grow well in Zone 9b with planting dates for Maricopa County.
Show all 42 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Dec 20 | Jan 10 | Jan 10 | — | Mar 7 – Sep 5 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Nov 15 | Dec 13 – Jan 3 | 28–42 |
| Anemones | — | — | — | Oct 25 | Oct 25 – Nov 22 | 90–120 |
| Bachelor's Button | — | Nov 29 | Dec 27 | Sep 27 | Feb 21 – Jun 13 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Nov 22 | — | Jan 3 | — | Mar 14 – Sep 26 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Dec 6 | Jan 10 | Jan 17 | — | Mar 28 – Aug 15 | 60–80 |
| Calendula | — | Nov 29 | Dec 27 | Sep 13 | Feb 7 – May 30 | 50–70 |
| California Poppy | — | — | — | Aug 30 | Nov 8 – Mar 14 | 60–90 |
| Celosia | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 10 | — | Mar 14 – Oct 3 | 60–90 |
| Coreopsis | Dec 6 | Jan 10 | Jan 17 | — | Mar 14 – Aug 15 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Jan 3 | Dec 27 | Dec 27 | — | Mar 7 – Sep 5 | 60–90 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Nov 8 | Oct 25 – Nov 15 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | — | Jan 31 | Jan 31 | — | Apr 11 – Oct 24 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Dec 6 | — | Jan 17 | — | Mar 28 – Sep 26 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Dec 6 | Nov 29 | Nov 29 | — | Jan 17 – Mar 14 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Dec 6 | Jan 17 | Jan 17 | — | Mar 28 – Aug 15 | 70–90 |
| Freesia | — | — | — | Oct 25 | Nov 1 – Dec 6 | 84–112 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Dec 20 | Jan 10 | Jan 10 | — | Mar 21 – Sep 19 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Nov 22 | — | Jan 3 | — | Mar 14 – Sep 26 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | Jan 31 | Jan 31 | — | Apr 11 – Oct 24 | 70–100 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Nov 15 | Nov 15 – Dec 6 | 14–28 |
| Impatiens | Dec 6 | — | Jan 10 | — | Mar 21 – Sep 19 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | Jan 10 | — | Feb 28 – Apr 4 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | — | — | Oct 4 | Dec 13 – Mar 21 | 60–90 |
| Lavender | Dec 6 | — | Jan 10 | — | Mar 21 – Jun 13 | 90–120 |
| Lobelia | Dec 6 | — | Nov 29 | — | Jan 24 – Feb 21 | 70–80 |
| Marigolds | Dec 27 | Jan 10 | Jan 10 | — | Mar 7 – Aug 29 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Jan 3 | Jan 3 | Jan 3 | — | Feb 28 – Sep 12 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Nov 22 | — | Dec 27 | Sep 13 | Feb 14 – May 2 | 70–90 |
| Petunia | Dec 6 | — | Jan 10 | — | Mar 21 – Sep 5 | 70–90 |
| Portulaca | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 10 | — | Feb 28 – Sep 19 | 50–70 |
| Ranunculus | — | — | — | Oct 25 | Nov 1 – Nov 29 | 90–120 |
| Roses | Dec 6 | — | Jan 10 | — | Mar 21 – Sep 19 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Dec 6 | — | Jan 3 | — | Mar 14 – Sep 12 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Dec 6 | — | Jan 10 | — | May 2 – Jul 11 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | — | Nov 29 | Dec 27 | Sep 13 | Feb 28 – Jul 11 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Jan 10 | Jan 3 | Jan 3 | — | Mar 28 – Sep 12 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | — | Nov 29 | Dec 27 | Sep 27 | Jan 31 – May 2 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | — | — | — | Sep 27 | Dec 6 – Jan 17 | 65–85 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Nov 22 | — | Jan 3 | — | Mar 14 – Sep 26 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Dec 6 | Jan 10 | Jan 17 | — | Mar 14 – Jul 18 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Jan 3 | Jan 3 | Jan 3 | — | Mar 14 – Sep 12 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Maricopa County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Maricopa County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Maricopa County, AZ?
Maricopa County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 9b. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Maricopa County, AZ?
Based on 22 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Maricopa County falls around January 31. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between January 4 and February 27 — a 54-day window of variability. Use February 27 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Maricopa County, AZ?
The median first fall frost in Maricopa County arrives around December 6. In cold years it can arrive as early as November 23; in mild years as late as December 28. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Maricopa County?
Maricopa County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 310 days. This long season supports multiple succession plantings and warm-season crops that need extended heat, like sweet potatoes and melons. Climate records show the growing season is trending shorter by about 1.44 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Maricopa County for gardening?
Maricopa County has predominantly Sandy Loam soil with a pH range of 7.2–8.5 and Well Drained drainage. The native soil conditions make raised beds a particularly good investment here — they let you control drainage and fertility independent of the ground soil.
What is grown commercially in Maricopa County?
Maricopa County has commercial agriculture that includes Cattle, Cotton, Hay, Dairy, Pecans. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Maricopa County a good location for home gardening?
Maricopa County scores 31/100 (Challenging) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Your Maricopa County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Maricopa County (Zone 9b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log