Jefferson County, TX — Planting Guide
Jefferson County is in USDA Zone 9a. The average last spring frost is February 13 and the first fall frost is December 6, giving you a growing season of approximately 297 days.
At an elevation of 349 ft, Jefferson County receives approximately 64.9 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 101°F with winter lows around 50°F. The predominant soil type is Sandy Loam.
Based on 26 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 53 days year to year — ranging from January 12 in warm years to March 6 in cold years. The growing season is trending shorter by about 1.48 days per decade. Jefferson County scores 49/100 (Moderate) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
9a (20°F to 25°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
February 13
🍂 First Frost
December 6
📅 Growing Season
297 days
⛰️ Elevation
349 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
64.9 in
Monthly Watering Calendar
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.6 in | 4 days | — | None |
| Feb | 2.1 in | 5 days | 2.2 in | High |
| Mar | 4.4 in | 5 days | — | Low |
| Apr | 6.3 in | 7 days | — | Low |
| May | 9.8 in | 8 days | — | Low |
| Jun | 10.7 in | 8 days | — | Low |
| Jul | 8.8 in | 9 days | — | Low |
| Aug | 6.6 in | 7 days | — | Low |
| Sep | 6.6 in | 6 days | — | Low |
| Oct | 4.4 in | 5 days | — | Low |
| Nov | 2.1 in | 3 days | 2.2 in | High |
| Dec | 1.6 in | 3 days | — | None |
Annual total: 65 in. Gardens typically need ~1 inch of water per week during the growing season. Months marked "None" for extra water are outside the active growing season for your zone — most gardens are dormant and don't need irrigation during those months.
Jefferson County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH
5.4-6.5
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 26 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | Mar 6 | Dec 24 | 293 days |
| Cautious | Feb 28 | Dec 15 | 290 days |
| Average year | Feb 13 | Dec 6 | 296 days |
| Optimistic | Jan 24 | Nov 28 | 308 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Jan 12 | Nov 15 | 307 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±53 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting shorter here (about 1.5 days per decade). Use the "Conservative" dates and choose fast-maturing varieties.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Jefferson County presents some gardening challenges. Choose adapted varieties and plan around frost dates.
Local Gardening Help in Jefferson County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Jefferson County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Jefferson County Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Extension Office
Phone: 979-845-7800
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Jefferson County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Jefferson County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Jefferson County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Jefferson County TX" or "garden center Jefferson County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Jefferson County TX" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Jefferson County Gardeners" or "Texas Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Longest Day
13.9 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
10.1 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
9.6 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your shorter days favor short-day onion varieties like Vidalia, Texas 1015, and Red Creole. Plant in fall for best results.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10.3 hr | 5.6 hr | Short day |
| February | 11 hr | 6.4 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.8 hr | 7 hr | Short day |
| April | 12.7 hr | 8.1 hr | Neutral |
| May | 13.5 hr | 8.5 hr | Neutral |
| June | 13.9 hr | 9.1 hr | Neutral |
| July | 13.7 hr | 9.6 hr | Neutral |
| August | 13.1 hr | 8.9 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.2 hr | 8.3 hr | Neutral |
| October | 11.3 hr | 7 hr | Short day |
| November | 10.5 hr | 6.2 hr | Short day |
| December | 10.1 hr | 5.5 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting Calendar
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Mar through Nov.
Best Month to Compost
Apr
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
12 months
Nearly year-round composting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 51°F | 59°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Feb | 53°F | 59°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Mar | 61°F | 61°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Apr | 67°F | 67°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| May | 77°F | 74°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jun | 88°F | 83°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 96°F | 91°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 94°F | 93°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 92°F | 90°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 81°F | 83°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Nov | 67°F | 73°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Dec | 57°F | 63°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Jefferson County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Insect Pest Pressure
High — expect multiple pest generations. Preventative measures essential.
Disease Risk
High fungal/bacterial risk. Space plants for airflow, water at soil level.
Seasonal Risk
View 6 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | High | Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Whiteflies | High | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Spider mites | High | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct |
| Fire ants | Moderate | Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov |
| Thrips | Moderate | Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Leaf miners | Low | Mar, Apr, May, Jun |
Organic pest management tips
- Install physical barriers: floating row covers, copper tape for slugs, mesh netting
- Apply Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) for caterpillar control — safe for beneficial insects
- Use kaolin clay spray to deter a wide range of insects on fruiting crops
- Release beneficial insects: ladybugs for aphids, parasitic wasps for caterpillars
- Apply neem oil weekly during high-pressure months
- Mulch heavily (3-4 inches) to reduce soil-borne disease splash
Cover Crops for Jefferson County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with county-specific planting dates.
Spring Cover Crops (4 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | Feb 19 | Oct 4 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| Cowpeas (southern peas) | Feb 18 | Oct 4 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer for warm climates, edible |
| Sorghum-sudan grass | Feb 23 | Sep 27 | — | Massive biomass, breaks compaction, suppresses nematodes |
| White clover | Jan 18 | Oct 4 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Mar 9 | Nov 15 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (4 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrian winter peas | Oct 14 | Jan 30 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, good for heavy clay soils |
| Crimson clover | Sep 26 | Jan 23 | ✓ Yes | Fixes nitrogen, attracts pollinators in spring |
| Daikon radish | Oct 8 | Jan 30 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Sep 23 | Jan 30 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
Wind & Microclimate
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 16 mph Summer: 12 mph
Fall: 13 mph Winter: 16 mph
Prevailing wind: S. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the S side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
9.2/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (151 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting Potential
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
Annual Collection
32,396 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
6 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,500 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
May, Jun, Jul, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 65.0 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 32,396 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Your area gets ample rainfall — even small barrels make a big difference
- Consider a rain garden to handle overflow during heavy rainfall months
Soil & Growing Conditions in Jefferson County
Soil Type
Sandy Loam
Soil pH 5.4–6.5 · Well Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 5.5/10
Moderate drought pressure. Drip irrigation and mulching are highly recommended to maintain soil moisture through summer.
Season Tips
297-day frost-free season
Your long season supports multiple successions and heat-demanding crops like melons, sweet potatoes, and peppers. Plant warm-season crops as soon as soil warms.
Free Garden Planner
Plan your entire garden season — organize planting dates, track what you're growing, and know exactly when to start seeds, transplant, and harvest.
Recommended for Your Garden
Reduce heat stress and sun scorch in hot climates with UV-stabilized shade cloth.
Retain moisture and nutrients in sandy soils with expanded vermiculite.
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Jefferson County
115 vegetables that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 115 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 15 – Jun 19 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jul 10 | 90–120 |
| Artichoke | — | — | Feb 27 | Jul 3 – Sep 11 | 120–180 |
| Arugula | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Jan 23 | — | Mar 20 – Apr 17 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Jun 5 – Jul 31 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jun 5 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | Feb 20 | — | May 22 – Jul 10 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – May 1 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 17 – May 29 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – May 1 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 15 – Jul 10 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jun 26 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 15 – Jul 10 | 80–120 |
| Cardoon | — | — | Feb 27 | Jul 3 – Aug 14 | 120–150 |
| Carrots | — | Jan 23 | — | Mar 27 – May 1 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – Jun 12 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 29 – Jul 3 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 8 – Jul 3 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 17 – May 29 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – May 29 | 50–60 |
| Chayote | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Jun 26 – Sep 4 | 120–180 |
| Chickpeas | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 8 – Jun 19 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 17 – May 29 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – May 8 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 15 – Jun 19 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – Jun 12 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 24 – Jun 19 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 24 – Jun 5 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Feb 27 – Mar 20 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 10 – May 8 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Jan 23 | — | Jun 26 – Aug 28 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Jan 23 | — | Mar 20 – Apr 17 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 15 – Jun 19 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | Feb 20 | — | May 8 – Jun 19 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 3 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 3 – May 8 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – May 8 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 1 – Jun 12 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jun 5 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | — | 90–240 |
| Ginger | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Oct 23 – Dec 18 | 240–300 |
| Green Beans | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | Feb 27 | Jul 3 – Sep 11 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Aug 7 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Jun 5 – Jul 10 | 100–120 |
| Jicama | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Jun 26 – Sep 4 | 120–180 |
| Kabocha | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jun 19 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 3 – May 1 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – Jun 5 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | Feb 20 | — | May 22 – Jun 26 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 3 – May 8 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – Apr 24 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 15 – Jul 31 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 8 – Jun 19 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – May 29 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 24 – Jun 5 | 60–90 |
| Loofah | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Jun 5 – Aug 7 | 100–150 |
| Luffa | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Aug 7 | 90–150 |
| Mache | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – May 1 | 40–60 |
| Malabar Spinach | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – May 15 | 55–70 |
| Melon | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jun 19 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 – Mar 20 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Apr 3 – May 29 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – Apr 17 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – May 15 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – May 15 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 15 – Jul 3 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – Apr 24 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Jan 23 | — | May 8 – Jun 19 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 10 – May 8 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – Jun 5 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 10 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jul 10 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – May 1 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 17 – May 22 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Jan 23 | — | Feb 20 – Mar 13 | 22–35 |
| Romanesco | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 1 – Jun 12 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Jan 23 | — | Apr 17 – May 22 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Jan 23 | — | May 8 – Jun 19 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 24 – Jun 19 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – May 8 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – May 29 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | May 15 – Jul 3 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 – Jun 5 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | Feb 20 | — | May 15 – Jul 10 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jun 19 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 10 – Jun 12 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 15 – Jul 10 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | Feb 27 | Jun 19 – Aug 14 | 110–150 |
| Sunflower | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jun 19 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Corn | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 24 – Jun 5 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jul 10 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 20 – Apr 24 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–85 |
| Turmeric | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Oct 23 – Dec 18 | 240–300 |
| Turnip | — | Jan 23 | — | Mar 6 – Apr 10 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 13 | Mar 27 – May 1 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jun 19 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | Feb 20 | — | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | May 22 – Jul 10 | 90–120 |
| Yam | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Aug 21 – Dec 18 | 180–330 |
| Yard Long Beans | Jan 2 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – May 29 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Jan 16 | Feb 13 | Feb 20 | Apr 10 – Jun 5 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Jefferson County
24 fruits that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 24 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Feb 27 | May 29 – Sep 11 | 90–180 |
| Blackberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–730 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Feb 27 | May 8 – Jun 12 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Dragon Fruit | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–730 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Figs | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1825 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Feb 27 | May 8 – Jul 3 | 65–80 |
| Guava | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–730 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Feb 27 | May 22 – Jul 3 | 80–110 |
| Kiwi | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Loquat | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1825 |
| Passion Fruit | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–545 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 1095–2555 |
| Pomegranate | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Quince | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Feb 27 | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Feb 27 | May 29 – Dec 25 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Jefferson County
40 herbs that grow well in Zone 9a with planting dates for Jefferson County.
Show all 40 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anise | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | May 8 – Jul 24 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 19 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | Feb 20 | May 22 – Aug 7 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Apr 3 – May 22 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jun 26 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Apr 10 – Jun 19 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | May 22 – Jul 24 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 40–60 |
| Echinacea | — | — | Feb 20 | Jun 26 – Oct 2 | 120–180 |
| Epazote | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 10 – Jun 5 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Apr 10 – Jun 19 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | Feb 20 | May 22 – Aug 7 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | Feb 20 | May 8 – Jul 3 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 3 | 70–90 |
| Lavender | — | — | Feb 20 | May 22 – Oct 23 | 90–200 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jun 12 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 3 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Verbena | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Lemongrass | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | May 8 – Aug 7 | 75–120 |
| Marjoram | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Mint | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Apr 10 – Jun 12 | 60–80 |
| Rosemary | — | — | Feb 20 | May 15 – Oct 2 | 80–180 |
| Rue | — | — | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 3 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | Feb 20 | May 8 – Jul 3 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 12 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Jan 16 | Jan 23 | Feb 6 | Mar 20 – May 22 | 40–60 |
| Stevia | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Tarragon | — | — | Feb 20 | Apr 24 – Jul 3 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Jan 2 | Feb 20 | Feb 20 | Apr 17 – Jun 19 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | Feb 20 | May 1 – Jul 3 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | Feb 20 | Jun 26 – Oct 2 | 120–180 |
| Yarrow | — | — | Feb 20 | May 22 – Aug 7 | 90–120 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Jefferson County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Jefferson County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Jefferson County, TX?
Jefferson County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 9a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Jefferson County, TX?
Based on 26 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Jefferson County falls around February 13. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between January 12 and March 6 — a 53-day window of variability. Use March 6 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Jefferson County, TX?
The median first fall frost in Jefferson County arrives around December 6. In cold years it can arrive as early as November 15; in mild years as late as December 24. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 297 days. This long season supports multiple succession plantings and warm-season crops that need extended heat, like sweet potatoes and melons. Climate records show the growing season is trending shorter by about 1.48 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Jefferson County for gardening?
Jefferson County has predominantly Sandy Loam soil with a pH range of 5.4–6.5 and Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County has commercial agriculture that includes Cotton, Cattle, Sorghum, Corn, Wheat. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Jefferson County a good location for home gardening?
Jefferson County scores 49/100 (Moderate) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Gardening here benefits from close attention to frost timing and season extension due to the challenging microclimate factors.
Plan Your Garden with Confidence
Get our free Garden Planner — designed to help Jefferson County gardeners in Zone 9a organize planting dates, track what's growing, and never miss a planting window.
Get Your Free Garden Planner →Free download. Plan your entire garden season in minutes.
