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When to Plant Napa Cabbage in Elk County, PA

Elk County, Pennsylvania Zone 5b May

May in the garden — Elk County, Pennsylvania

Your Elk County, Pennsylvania garden is entering a new phase. Here's what's on the schedule for May and why each task matters now.

Avg. last frost May 17
Avg. first frost October 9
Soil temp (4") 59°F
Watering Low
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.3 hrs
  1. Time to transplant napa cabbage

    Water the tray well an hour before you transplant. Roots slide out cleanly and settle in faster.

  2. Direct-sow napa cabbage

    Mark the row. Birds and stray feet both have opinions about unmarked beds.

Get ahead of June
  • Starting indoors: napa cabbage

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Napa cabbage forms tall, barrel-shaped heads with tender, crinkled leaves and a mild, slightly sweet flavor. It is the primary cabbage used for kimchi.

Elk County, Pennsylvania is in USDA Zone 5b. The average last spring frost is May 17 and the first fall frost is October 9, giving you a growing season of approximately 145 days.

At an elevation of 59 feet, Elk County receives approximately 40.2 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 85°F, providing good warmth for Napa Cabbage during the growing season.

Elk County, PA (Zone 5b) Short season
145 days
Last Spring Frost May 17
145 growing days
First Fall Frost October 9
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Elk County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

4.8-6.3

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (54 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 4 Transplant: May 9 🍅 Harvest: Jul 4 – Aug 8
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (54 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 12 Transplant: May 17 🍅 Harvest: Jul 12 – Aug 16
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (55 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 27 Transplant: Jun 1 🍅 Harvest: Jul 27 – Aug 31

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Elk County

How your county's soil matches Napa Cabbage's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (4.8–6.3) is more acidic than Napa Cabbage prefers (6.0–7.5). Add garden lime to raise pH.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Elk County is excellent for Napa Cabbage — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.5%). Annual compost additions will help Napa Cabbage.

How to Plant Napa Cabbage

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Napa Cabbage

3
successive plantings in your 145-day season

Sow every 6.3 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 26 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 31.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.5″/week
Rainfall provides
1.2″/week
You supply
0.3″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 433 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Napa Cabbage

Napa Cabbage needs approximately 1.5 inches of water per week (6.5" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Napa Cabbage Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 2.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 2.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 3.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 6.5" 3.8" 2.7" 💧 Light watering
Jun 6.5" 4" 2.5" 💧 Light watering
Jul 6.5" 4.4" 2.1" 💧 Light watering
Aug 6.5" 3.8" 2.7" 💧 Light watering
Sep 6.5" 3.7" 2.8" 💧 Light watering
Oct 6.5" 3.2" 3.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Nov 3.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 2.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Elk County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Napa Cabbage Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Napa Cabbage needs ~894 GDD — county provides 1,993 GDD Excellent fit

Napa Cabbage Planting Timeline — Elk County, PA

Napa Cabbage Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 12 Apr 12 – Apr 26
Transplant Outdoors May 17 May 17 – May 31
Direct Sow May 3 May 3 – May 24
Harvest July 12 Jul 12 – Aug 16
Fall Sowing July 31 Jul 31 – Aug 14

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Fall Sowing Harvest
September
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Partial Shade (3-6 hours)

💧 Water

1.5"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

55–75 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: too_acidic

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5b

📆 Growing Season

145 days in Elk County

Growing Tips for Napa Cabbage in Elk County

Direct sow Napa Cabbage outdoors after May 17 in Elk County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Napa Cabbage in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Best grown as a fall crop. Direct sow in late summer, 60-70 days before first frost. Keep soil evenly moist. Bolt-resistant varieties are available for spring planting.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Napa Cabbage in Elk County, PA?

Elk County is in Zone 5b with an average last frost of May 17. Plan your Napa Cabbage planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Elk County, PA?

Elk County, Pennsylvania is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5b. The average last spring frost is May 17 and first fall frost is October 9.

🌱

Your Elk County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Elk County (Zone 5b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Elk County, PA. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.