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When to Plant Fennel in Umatilla County, OR

Umatilla County, Oregon Zone 7a May

This month in Umatilla County, Oregon

May rewards gardeners who work with the weather, not against it. Here's how to stay in step this month in Umatilla County, Oregon.

Avg. last frost April 23
Avg. first frost October 20
Soil temp (4") 60°F
Watering Critical
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.7 hrs
  1. Set out fennel seedlings

    Your last frost (April 23) has passed. These warm-season crops can handle outdoor soil now.

Get ahead of June
  • Starting indoors: fennel

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Florence fennel is grown for its swollen bulb-like stem base, which has a mild anise flavor. It is crisp raw in salads and sweet when roasted or braised.

Umatilla County, Oregon is in USDA Zone 7a. The average last spring frost is April 23 and the first fall frost is October 20, giving you a growing season of approximately 180 days.

At an elevation of 2,195 feet, Umatilla County receives approximately 14.6 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 86°F, providing good warmth for Fennel during the growing season. With low rainfall, drip irrigation is essential for growing Fennel successfully. Mulch heavily to conserve soil moisture.

Umatilla County, OR (Zone 7a) Moderate season
180 days
Last Spring Frost April 23
180 growing days
First Fall Frost October 20

Umatilla County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

5.2-6.8

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (65 days to spare)
Start indoors: Feb 18 Transplant: Apr 22 🍅 Harvest: Jun 24 – Aug 5
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (61 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 5 Transplant: May 7 🍅 Harvest: Jul 9 – Aug 20
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (60 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 25 Transplant: May 27 🍅 Harvest: Jul 29 – Sep 9

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Umatilla County

How your county's soil matches Fennel's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (5.2–6.8) overlaps with Fennel's range (5.5–7.0), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Umatilla County is excellent for Fennel — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is excellent (5.1%) — Fennel will thrive.

How to Plant Fennel

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Succession Planting Fennel

3
successive plantings in your 180-day season

Sow every 6.9 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 22 to harvest before frost.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
0.6″/week
Rainfall provides
0.3″/week
You supply
0.3″/week
Watering frequency Only during dry spells
Season total 415 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Fennel

Fennel needs approximately 0.6 inches of water per week (2.6" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Fennel Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.6" 1.1" 1.5" 🚿 Regular watering
May 2.6" 0.9" 1.7" 🚿 Regular watering
Jun 2.6" 0.6" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 2.6" 0.3" 2.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 2.6" 0.3" 2.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 2.6" 0.6" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 2.6" 1.4" 1.2" 💧 Light watering
Nov 2.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 2.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (Apr–Oct in Umatilla County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Fennel Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Fennel needs ~1,088 GDD — county provides 2,610 GDD Excellent fit

Fennel Planting Timeline — Umatilla County, OR

Fennel Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors March 5 Mar 5 – Mar 19
Transplant Outdoors May 7 May 7 – May 21
Direct Sow April 30 Apr 30 – May 21
Harvest July 9 Jul 9 – Aug 20

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March Start Indoors
April Direct Sow
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Harvest
August Harvest
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

0.6"/week · Only during dry spells

📅 Days to Maturity

60–90 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 5.5–7 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 7a

📆 Growing Season

180 days in Umatilla County

Growing Tips for Fennel in Umatilla County

Direct sow Fennel outdoors after April 23 in Umatilla County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Fennel in this region include carrot rust fly and parsleyworm. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Direct sow in late summer for fall harvest to reduce bolting. Hill soil around bulbs as they enlarge. Harvest when bulbs are tennis-ball sized before they elongate.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Tomatoes
  • Peppers
  • Beans

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Fennel in Umatilla County, OR?

Umatilla County is in Zone 7a with an average last frost of April 23. Plan your Fennel planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Umatilla County, OR?

Umatilla County, Oregon is in USDA Hardiness Zone 7a. The average last spring frost is April 23 and first fall frost is October 20.

🌱

Your Umatilla County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Umatilla County (Zone 7a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Umatilla County, OR. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.