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When to Plant Kidney Beans in Oliver County, ND

Oliver County, North Dakota Zone 4a April

Top priorities for Oliver County, North Dakota gardeners in April

If you only do a handful of things in the garden this April, make it these. They're sequenced around your zone's frost timing.

Avg. last frost May 14
Avg. first frost September 26
Soil temp (4") 41°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 13.4 hrs
A few tasks this April that'll pay off in May
  • Direct-sowing: kidney beans

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Kidney beans are a popular dry bean variety named for their shape, available in red and white types. They are the classic bean for chili and red beans and rice.

Oliver County, North Dakota is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 14 and the first fall frost is September 26, giving you a growing season of approximately 135 days.

At an elevation of 721 feet, Oliver County receives approximately 21.1 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 80°F, so choose short-season varieties of Kidney Beans to ensure they mature before fall.

Oliver County, ND (Zone 4a) Short season
135 days
Last Spring Frost May 14
135 growing days
First Fall Frost September 26

Oliver County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.5-7.4

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (6 days to spare)
Transplant: May 10 🍅 Harvest: Aug 9 – Sep 13
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (9 days to spare)
Transplant: May 14 🍅 Harvest: Aug 13 – Sep 17
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (6 days to spare)
Transplant: May 29 🍅 Harvest: Aug 28 – Oct 2

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Oliver County

How your county's soil matches Kidney Beans's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.5–7.4) is within Kidney Beans's preferred range (6.0–7.5).

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Oliver County is excellent for Kidney Beans — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is excellent (4.0%) — Kidney Beans will thrive.

How to Plant Kidney Beans

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.7″/week
You supply
0.4″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 495 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 10/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Kidney Beans

Kidney Beans needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Kidney Beans Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 2.4" 1.9" 💧 Light watering
Jun 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 4.3" 1.9" 2.4" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 4.3" 2.5" 1.8" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Oliver County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Kidney Beans Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Kidney Beans needs ~975 GDD — county provides 1,350 GDD Excellent fit

Kidney Beans Planting Timeline — Oliver County, ND

Kidney Beans Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Direct Sow May 28 May 28 – Jun 18
Harvest August 27 Aug 27 – Oct 1

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April
May Direct Sow
June Direct Sow
July
August Harvest
September Harvest
October Harvest
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

85–110 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: ideal

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4a

📆 Growing Season

135 days in Oliver County

Growing Tips for Kidney Beans in Oliver County

Direct sow Kidney Beans outdoors after May 14 in Oliver County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Kidney Beans in this region include bean beetles and aphids. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Oliver County receives only 21" of rain annually. Kidney Beans needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Direct sow after frost. Allow pods to dry completely on the plant. Kidney beans must be thoroughly cooked as raw or undercooked beans contain harmful lectins.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Onion
  • Garlic

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Kidney Beans in Oliver County, ND?

Oliver County is in Zone 4a with an average last frost of May 14. Plan your Kidney Beans planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Oliver County, ND?

Oliver County, North Dakota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 14 and first fall frost is September 26.

🌱

Your Oliver County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Oliver County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Oliver County, ND. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: April 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.