Nelson County, ND — Planting Guide
Your July gardening checklist
Each item below is timed to Nelson County, North Dakota's frost dates and soil temperatures. Skip nothing, stress about nothing.
-
Indoor seed-starting week for basil, peppers, and pole beans
Bottom-water once the first true leaves appear — it keeps stems dry and knocks back damping-off.
-
Collect basil, carrots, and cucumber at their peak
If you can't use it all right away, check the food-preservation section of your planner.
-
Direct-sow carrots, kale, and lettuce for cool weather
Mid-season soil is hot. Sow a bit deeper than the packet suggests to find cooler, damper ground.
To set up a strong August, finish these tasks
- First harvests: basil, carrots, and cucumber
- Fall sowing: alliums, crocus, and daffodils
Nelson County is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 12 and the first fall frost is September 27, giving you a growing season of approximately 138 days.
At an elevation of 547 ft, Nelson County receives approximately 33.3 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 80°F with winter lows around -4°F. The predominant soil type is Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 23 days year to year — ranging from April 29 in warm years to May 23 in cold years. The growing season is trending shorter by about 1.43 days per decade. Nelson County scores 70/100 (Good) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
4a (-30°F to -25°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
May 12
🍂 First Frost
September 27
📅 Growing Season
138 days
⛰️ Elevation
547 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
33.3 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Nelson County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
Why it matters: The 1-inch-per-week rule applies to most vegetable crops. Nelson County averages 33" a year — divide by 52 and compare to that 1" target. Some months are above, some below; that's where the calendar earns its keep.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.9 in | 4 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.1 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Mar | 2.1 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Apr | 3.3 in | 8 days | — | None |
| May | 4.6 in | 10 days | — | Low |
| Jun | 5.8 in | 9 days | — | Low |
| Jul | 3.9 in | 7 days | 0.4 in | Low |
| Aug | 4.1 in | 6 days | 0.2 in | Low |
| Sep | 3.5 in | 6 days | 0.8 in | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Nov | 1.2 in | 3 days | — | None |
| Dec | 0.9 in | 4 days | — | None |
Annual total: 33.4 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Nelson County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH
6.6-7.8
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 2 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | May 23 | Oct 13 | 143 days |
| Cautious | May 16 | Oct 5 | 142 days |
| Average year | May 12 | Sep 27 | 138 days |
| Optimistic | May 8 | Sep 22 | 137 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Apr 29 | Sep 13 | 137 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±23 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting shorter here (about 1.4 days per decade). Use the "Conservative" dates and choose fast-maturing varieties.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Nelson County offers good growing conditions. A little planning around frost dates goes a long way.
Local Gardening Help in Nelson County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Nelson County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Nelson County North Dakota State University Extension Extension Office
Phone: 701-231-8944
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Nelson County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Nelson County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Nelson County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Nelson County ND" or "garden center Nelson County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Nelson County ND" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Nelson County Gardeners" or "North Dakota Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Nelson County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
For new gardeners: Photoperiod-sensitive crops will fail spectacularly if planted at the wrong latitude. Sweet onions in Michigan? Tiny. Spanish onions in Florida? Tiny. Match variety to Nelson County's daylight pattern and you'll see the difference.
Longest Day
15.8 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
8.2 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
10.9 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 8.6 hr | 4.8 hr | Short day |
| February | 10 hr | 6.1 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.6 hr | 6.8 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.4 hr | 8.7 hr | Neutral |
| May | 15 hr | 9.3 hr | Long day |
| June | 15.8 hr | 10.6 hr | Long day |
| July | 15.5 hr | 10.9 hr | Long day |
| August | 14.1 hr | 9.9 hr | Long day |
| September | 12.3 hr | 8.1 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.6 hr | 7.1 hr | Short day |
| November | 9 hr | 5.3 hr | Short day |
| December | 8.2 hr | 4.6 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Nelson County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
What this means for you: Watching soil temperature (not air) is the single biggest upgrade most new gardeners can make. Nelson County's typical curve helps you plan — but a $5 soil thermometer in the bed beats any average.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Jun through Sep.
Best Month to Compost
Jul
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
4 months
Short season — insulate pile or use indoor vermicomposting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8°F | 18°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | 8°F | 17°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | 19°F | 22°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 35°F | 34°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| May | 49°F | 47°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Jun | 62°F | 56°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Jul | 67°F | 62°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 70°F | 63°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 62°F | 60°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Oct | 45°F | 50°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Nov | 32°F | 37°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Dec | 16°F | 26°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Nelson County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
For new gardeners: Pollinators are the good bugs. Pest pressure is the bad bugs. Nelson County's climate makes both more abundant in warm humid regions, and rarer in cold dry ones — plan habitat to encourage the good while managing the bad.
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 3 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Low | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage worms | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Slugs | Low | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Nelson County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
Why it matters: Cover crops do four things at once: fix nitrogen (legumes), suppress weeds (any), prevent erosion, and add organic matter when chopped down. Nelson County's seasonal pattern determines which species fit which gap.
Spring Cover Crops (2 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | May 14 | Jul 19 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| White clover | Apr 15 | Jul 19 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | May 28 | Aug 30 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (3 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oats | Aug 30 | Apr 21 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jun 29 | Apr 21 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jun 29 | Apr 28 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate in Nelson County
For new gardeners: Wind affects three things gardeners forget: how fast soil dries (more wind = more watering), whether pollinators can work (calm beats gusty), and whether your trellised crops stay upright. Nelson County sees 12.9 mph on average — a forgiving baseline.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 16 mph Summer: 13 mph
Fall: 13 mph Winter: 16 mph
Prevailing wind: S. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the S side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
9/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (212 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting in Nelson County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
What this means for you: Rainwater is unchlorinated, unfluoridated, and at ambient temperature — plants actually prefer it. Nelson County's 33" annual rainfall means even a small 50-gallon barrel catches enough for a few weeks of garden watering between storms.
Annual Collection
16,646 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
6 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 2,000 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
May, Jun, Jul, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 33.4 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 16,646 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Nelson County
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH 6.6–7.8 · Well Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 3.5/10
Low-to-moderate drought stress. Plan to water 1–2 times per week during peak summer. (33.3 in. annual rainfall)
Season Tips
138-day frost-free season
Start warm-season crops indoors and focus on short-season varieties. Cold frames extend your season by 3–4 weeks in fall.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Nelson County
95 vegetables that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Nelson County.
Show all 95 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 25 – Sep 29 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 1 – Oct 20 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 26 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Jul 28 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Sep 1 – Oct 6 | 110–150 |
| Black Beans | — | May 26 | — | — | Aug 25 – Oct 13 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 11 – Oct 6 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 1 – Oct 6 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 14 – Sep 8 | 60–100 |
| Carrots | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 11 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 25 – Sep 29 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 4 – Sep 29 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 25 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 4 – Sep 15 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 14 – Aug 25 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 4 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 25 – Sep 29 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | May 26 | — | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 60–100 |
| Cress | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | May 26 – Jun 16 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 21 – Aug 18 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Oct 6 – Sep 29 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Jul 28 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 25 – Sep 29 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | May 26 | — | — | Aug 11 – Sep 22 | 75–100 |
| Endive | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Aug 4 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 4 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 28 – Sep 8 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 15 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Nov 15 – Jan 10 | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | May 26 | — | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | May 26 | — | Sep 29 – Oct 20 | 120–180 |
| Hubbard Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 15 – Oct 20 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 1 – Sep 29 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Jul 28 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 1 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | May 26 | — | — | Aug 25 – Sep 29 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Aug 4 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Jul 21 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 11 – Oct 6 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 4 – Sep 15 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 25 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | May 26 | — | — | Jul 28 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Mache | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Melon | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 11 – Sep 29 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | May 19 – Jun 16 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Aug 25 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Jul 14 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 11 | 55–75 |
| Onion | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 11 – Sep 29 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 21 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Aug 18 – Sep 29 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 21 – Aug 18 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 1 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Feb 24 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 13 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 20 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 1 – Oct 20 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 14 – Aug 18 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jun 2 – Jun 23 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 28 – Sep 8 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jul 28 – Sep 1 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Aug 18 – Sep 29 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Aug 4 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 8 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Aug 11 – Sep 29 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Mar 17 | May 19 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 22 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 1 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | May 26 | — | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Sep 1 – Sep 29 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 22 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 20 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | May 26 | — | Sep 15 – Oct 20 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | May 26 | — | — | Jul 28 – Sep 8 | 60–90 |
| Tatsoi | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Jul 21 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 13 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Mar 10 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 13 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | May 5 | — | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Jul 21 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 12 | Jul 5 | Jun 23 – Jul 28 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Aug 11 – Sep 29 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | May 26 | — | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 50–65 |
| Zucchini | Mar 31 | May 26 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Nelson County
22 fruits that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Nelson County.
Show all 22 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | Sep 8 – Nov 3 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Blueberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Jun 9 | — | Aug 18 – Sep 22 | 70–90 |
| Cranberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Jun 9 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Jun 9 | — | Sep 1 – Oct 13 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Jun 9 | — | Sep 8 – Nov 3 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Nelson County
30 herbs that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Nelson County.
Show all 30 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Aug 4 – Sep 29 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Mar 17 | May 19 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | May 19 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 30 – Aug 18 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 22 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 15 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Dill | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 40–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 15 | 60–90 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | May 19 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 29 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 8 | 60–70 |
| Lovage | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jul 7 – Sep 8 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | May 19 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 29 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 8 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Mar 31 | May 5 | May 5 | Jul 5 | Jun 16 – Aug 18 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 29 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Mar 17 | May 19 | Jun 2 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | May 19 | — | Jul 28 – Sep 29 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | May 19 | — | Sep 22 – Oct 13 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Nelson County
49 flowers that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Nelson County.
Show all 49 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Mar 17 | May 19 | May 19 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 22 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Sep 27 – Oct 18 | 28–42 |
| Astilbe | Mar 3 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 70–100 |
| Bachelor's Button | Mar 24 | Apr 28 | May 12 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 15 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 6 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Mar 3 | May 12 | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 27 | 60–80 |
| Bleeding Hearts | Mar 3 | — | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 60–90 |
| Calendula | Mar 24 | Apr 28 | May 12 | — | Jun 30 – Sep 15 | 50–70 |
| Celosia | Mar 31 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 13 | 60–90 |
| Columbine | Mar 3 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 70–100 |
| Coreopsis | Mar 3 | May 19 | May 26 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 27 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Apr 14 | May 19 | May 19 | — | Jul 28 – Oct 13 | 60–90 |
| Crocus | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Jun 21 – Jul 12 | 10–20 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Jun 28 – Jul 19 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | Apr 14 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 27 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Mar 3 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Mar 10 | Apr 21 | May 5 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 25 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Mar 3 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 27 | 70–90 |
| Foxglove | Mar 3 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 80–120 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Mar 17 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Nov 3 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 6 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | May 19 | May 19 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 20 | 70–100 |
| Hostas | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 25 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Jul 19 – Aug 9 | 14–28 |
| Hydrangeas | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 90–150 |
| Impatiens | Mar 10 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 6 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Aug 18 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | Apr 7 | — | — | Jun 16 – Jul 28 | 60–90 |
| Lilies | — | Division | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 20 | 70–120 |
| Lobelia | Mar 3 | — | May 12 | — | Jul 7 – Sep 1 | 70–80 |
| Lupine | Mar 3 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 1 | 75–100 |
| Marigolds | Mar 31 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 6 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Apr 14 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 21 – Oct 6 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Feb 24 | — | May 12 | — | Jul 7 – Aug 25 | 70–90 |
| Peonies | — | Division | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 8 | 90–120 |
| Petunia | Mar 10 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 13 | 70–90 |
| Phlox | Mar 3 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 20 | 80–110 |
| Portulaca | Mar 31 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Jul 14 – Sep 22 | 50–70 |
| Roses | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 27 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Mar 3 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 6 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Mar 3 | — | May 26 | — | Sep 29 – Nov 17 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | Feb 24 | — | May 12 | — | Jul 21 – Sep 15 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Apr 21 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 18 – Oct 13 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | Mar 17 | May 5 | May 12 | — | Jun 23 – Aug 25 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | Mar 24 | Apr 7 | May 12 | — | Aug 4 – Sep 15 | 65–85 |
| Tulips | — | — | — | Aug 16 | Jul 12 – Aug 2 | 15–30 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Feb 24 | — | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 6 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Mar 3 | May 12 | May 26 | — | Aug 11 – Oct 27 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Apr 14 | May 26 | May 26 | — | Aug 4 – Oct 13 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Nelson County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Nelson County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Nelson County, ND?
Nelson County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Nelson County, ND?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Nelson County falls around May 12. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between April 29 and May 23 — a 23-day window of variability. Use May 23 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Nelson County, ND?
The median first fall frost in Nelson County arrives around September 27. In cold years it can arrive as early as September 13; in mild years as late as October 13. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Nelson County?
Nelson County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 138 days. Focus on short-season varieties and start warm-season crops indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Climate records show the growing season is trending shorter by about 1.43 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Nelson County for gardening?
Nelson County has predominantly Loam soil with a pH range of 6.6–7.8 and Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Nelson County?
Nelson County has commercial agriculture that includes Wheat, Corn, Soybeans, Hay, Sunflowers. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Nelson County a good location for home gardening?
Nelson County scores 70/100 (Good) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. This is an above-average location for home gardening with relatively predictable growing conditions.
Your Nelson County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Nelson County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log