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When to Plant Napa Cabbage in Mercer County, ND

Mercer County, North Dakota Zone 4a May

Top priorities for Mercer County, North Dakota gardeners in May

We've pulled the most time-sensitive tasks for Mercer County, North Dakota this May and put them front and centre. Tackle them in order.

Avg. last frost May 16
Avg. first frost September 24
Soil temp (4") 54°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.9 hrs
  1. Transplant napa cabbage outside

    Pinch off the lowest leaves on each seedling before you plant — it reduces water loss while the roots catch up.

  2. Direct-sow napa cabbage

    Thin ruthlessly once seedlings are up. Crowded roots mean smaller crops from every plant.

Coming up in June — start thinking about
  • Starting indoors: napa cabbage

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Napa cabbage forms tall, barrel-shaped heads with tender, crinkled leaves and a mild, slightly sweet flavor. It is the primary cabbage used for kimchi.

Mercer County, North Dakota is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 16 and the first fall frost is September 24, giving you a growing season of approximately 131 days.

At an elevation of 1,118 feet, Mercer County receives approximately 23 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 83°F, so choose short-season varieties of Napa Cabbage to ensure they mature before fall.

Mercer County, ND (Zone 4a) Short season
131 days
Last Spring Frost May 16
131 growing days
First Fall Frost September 24

Mercer County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.2-7.5

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (40 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 30 Transplant: May 11 🍅 Harvest: Jul 6 – Aug 10
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (40 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 4 Transplant: May 16 🍅 Harvest: Jul 11 – Aug 15
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (38 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 18 Transplant: May 30 🍅 Harvest: Jul 25 – Aug 29

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Mercer County

How your county's soil matches Napa Cabbage's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.2–7.5) is within Napa Cabbage's preferred range (6.0–7.5).

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Mercer County is excellent for Napa Cabbage — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.6%). Annual compost additions will help Napa Cabbage.

How to Plant Napa Cabbage

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Napa Cabbage

2
successive plantings in your 131-day season

Sow every 6.3 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 11 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 02.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.5″/week
Rainfall provides
0.7″/week
You supply
0.9″/week
Watering frequency 2-3 times/week
Season total 1,067 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 8/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Napa Cabbage

Napa Cabbage needs approximately 1.5 inches of water per week (6.5" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Napa Cabbage Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 6.5" 2.7" 3.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Jun 6.5" 1.8" 4.7" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 6.5" 1.9" 4.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 6.5" 2.3" 4.2" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 6.5" 1.8" 4.7" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Mercer County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Napa Cabbage Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Napa Cabbage needs ~796 GDD — county provides 1,604 GDD Excellent fit

Napa Cabbage Planting Timeline — Mercer County, ND

Napa Cabbage Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 4 Apr 4 – Apr 18
Transplant Outdoors May 16 May 16 – May 30
Direct Sow May 9 May 9 – May 30
Harvest July 11 Jul 11 – Aug 15
Fall Sowing July 2 Jul 2 – Jul 16

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Harvest
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Partial Shade (3-6 hours)

💧 Water

1.5"/week · 2-3 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

55–75 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: ideal

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4a

📆 Growing Season

131 days in Mercer County

Growing Tips for Napa Cabbage in Mercer County

Direct sow Napa Cabbage outdoors after May 16 in Mercer County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Napa Cabbage in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Mercer County receives only 23" of rain annually. Napa Cabbage needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Best grown as a fall crop. Direct sow in late summer, 60-70 days before first frost. Keep soil evenly moist. Bolt-resistant varieties are available for spring planting.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Napa Cabbage in Mercer County, ND?

Mercer County is in Zone 4a with an average last frost of May 16. Plan your Napa Cabbage planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Mercer County, ND?

Mercer County, North Dakota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 16 and first fall frost is September 24.

🌱

Your Mercer County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Mercer County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Mercer County, ND. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.