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When to Plant Cabbage in Madison County, NY

Madison County, New York Zone 5b May

What to do in May

Welcome to May in Zone 5b. These are the moves that will have the biggest impact on your growing season.

Avg. last frost May 10
Avg. first frost October 12
Soil temp (4") 59°F
Watering Low
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.5 hrs
  1. Harden off and plant cabbage

    Frost risk is low now in Madison County, New York. If you've been covering beds overnight, you can stop.

A few tasks this May that'll pay off in June
  • Starting indoors: cabbage

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Cabbage is a versatile cool-season crop that forms dense, leafy heads in green, red, or savoy varieties. It is a staple for coleslaw, sauerkraut, and many global cuisines.

Madison County, New York is in USDA Zone 5b. The average last spring frost is May 10 and the first fall frost is October 12, giving you a growing season of approximately 155 days.

At an elevation of 420 feet, Madison County receives approximately 48.9 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 86°F, providing good warmth for Cabbage during the growing season.

Madison County, NY (Zone 5b) Moderate season
155 days
Last Spring Frost May 10
155 growing days
First Fall Frost October 12
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Madison County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

5.1-6.3

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (38 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 27 Transplant: May 1 🍅 Harvest: Jul 3 – Aug 28
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (36 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 5 Transplant: May 10 🍅 Harvest: Jul 12 – Sep 6
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (37 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 20 Transplant: May 25 🍅 Harvest: Jul 27 – Sep 21

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Madison County

How your county's soil matches Cabbage's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (5.1–6.3) is more acidic than Cabbage prefers (6.0–7.5). Add garden lime to raise pH.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Madison County is excellent for Cabbage — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.4%). Annual compost additions will help Cabbage.

How to Plant Cabbage

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Cabbage

2
successive plantings in your 155-day season

Sow every 6.9 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 04 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Aug 03.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
0.9″/week
Rainfall provides
1.3″/week
Watering frequency Natural rainfall sufficient
Season total 0 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Cabbage

Cabbage needs approximately 0.9 inches of water per week (3.9" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Cabbage Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 3.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 3.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 4.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 4.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 3.9" 4.6" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jun 3.9" 4" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jul 3.9" 5" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Aug 3.9" 3.9" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Sep 3.9" 3.7" 0.2" 💧 Light watering
Oct 3.9" 4.3" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Nov 4.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 3.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Madison County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Cabbage Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Cabbage needs ~1,160 GDD — county provides 2,247 GDD Excellent fit

Cabbage Planting Timeline — Madison County, NY

Cabbage Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 5 Apr 5 – Apr 19
Transplant Outdoors May 10 May 10 – May 24
Direct Sow April 26 Apr 26 – May 17
Harvest July 12 Jul 12 – Sep 6
Fall Sowing August 3 Aug 3 – Aug 17

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors Direct Sow
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Harvest
August Fall Sowing Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

0.9"/week · Natural rainfall sufficient

📅 Days to Maturity

60–100 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: too_acidic

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5b

📆 Growing Season

155 days in Madison County

Growing Tips for Cabbage in Madison County

Direct sow Cabbage outdoors after May 10 in Madison County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Cabbage in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before last frost. Space plants 18-24 inches apart. Keep soil evenly moist to prevent heads from splitting.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries
  • Tomatoes

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Cabbage in Madison County, NY?

Madison County is in Zone 5b with an average last frost of May 10. Plan your Cabbage planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Madison County, NY?

Madison County, New York is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5b. The average last spring frost is May 10 and first fall frost is October 12.

🌱

Your Madison County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Madison County (Zone 5b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Madison County, NY. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.