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When to Plant Cabbage in Jefferson County, NY

Jefferson County, New York Zone 5a May

Your May planting checklist for Jefferson County, New York

May is a pivotal month for Jefferson County, New York gardens. Focus on these tasks first and you'll set up the rest of the season for success.

Avg. last frost May 10
Avg. first frost October 6
Soil temp (4") 53°F
Watering Moderate
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.6 hrs
  1. Move cabbage into the garden

    Water the tray well an hour before you transplant. Roots slide out cleanly and settle in faster.

Coming up in June — start thinking about
  • Starting indoors: cabbage

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Cabbage is a versatile cool-season crop that forms dense, leafy heads in green, red, or savoy varieties. It is a staple for coleslaw, sauerkraut, and many global cuisines.

Jefferson County, New York is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is May 10 and the first fall frost is October 6, giving you a growing season of approximately 149 days.

At an elevation of 468 feet, Jefferson County receives approximately 39.5 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 85°F, providing good warmth for Cabbage during the growing season.

Jefferson County, NY (Zone 5a) Short season
149 days
Last Spring Frost May 10
149 growing days
First Fall Frost October 6
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Jefferson County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

4.9-6.2

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (35 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 27 Transplant: May 1 🍅 Harvest: Jul 3 – Aug 28
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (30 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 5 Transplant: May 10 🍅 Harvest: Jul 12 – Sep 6
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (31 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 18 Transplant: May 23 🍅 Harvest: Jul 25 – Sep 19

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Jefferson County

How your county's soil matches Cabbage's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (4.9–6.2) is more acidic than Cabbage prefers (6.0–7.5). Add garden lime to raise pH.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Jefferson County is excellent for Cabbage — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (3.8%). Annual compost additions will help Cabbage.

How to Plant Cabbage

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Cabbage

2
successive plantings in your 149-day season

Sow every 6.9 weeks. Last sowing by Jun 28 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 28.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
0.9″/week
Rainfall provides
1.1″/week
Watering frequency Natural rainfall sufficient
Season total 0 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Cabbage

Cabbage needs approximately 0.9 inches of water per week (3.9" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Cabbage Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 2.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 2.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 3.9" 3.1" 0.8" 💧 Light watering
Jun 3.9" 3.8" 0.1" 💧 Light watering
Jul 3.9" 4.2" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Aug 3.9" 3.6" 0.3" 💧 Light watering
Sep 3.9" 3.4" 0.5" 💧 Light watering
Oct 3.9" 3.3" 0.6" 💧 Light watering
Nov 3.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 3" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Jefferson County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Cabbage Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Cabbage needs ~1,100 GDD — county provides 2,048 GDD Excellent fit

Cabbage Planting Timeline — Jefferson County, NY

Cabbage Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 5 Apr 5 – Apr 19
Transplant Outdoors May 10 May 10 – May 24
Direct Sow April 26 Apr 26 – May 17
Harvest July 12 Jul 12 – Sep 6
Fall Sowing July 28 Jul 28 – Aug 11

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors Direct Sow
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Fall Sowing Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

0.9"/week · Natural rainfall sufficient

📅 Days to Maturity

60–100 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: too_acidic

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5a

📆 Growing Season

149 days in Jefferson County

Growing Tips for Cabbage in Jefferson County

Direct sow Cabbage outdoors after May 10 in Jefferson County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Cabbage in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before last frost. Space plants 18-24 inches apart. Keep soil evenly moist to prevent heads from splitting.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Strawberries
  • Tomatoes

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Cabbage in Jefferson County, NY?

Jefferson County is in Zone 5a with an average last frost of May 10. Plan your Cabbage planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Jefferson County, NY?

Jefferson County, New York is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is May 10 and first fall frost is October 6.

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Your Jefferson County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Jefferson County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Jefferson County, NY. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.