Rock County, NE — Planting Guide
July in Rock County, Nebraska — your action list
July rewards gardeners who work with the weather, not against it. Here's how to stay in step this month in Rock County, Nebraska.
-
Sow peppers, pole beans, and tomatoes in trays indoors
A seed-starting mix and a sunny window (or a grow light) are all you need. Keep soil warm — around 70°F — for fast germination.
-
Pick basil, carrots, and cucumber
Morning harvests are best — cooler temperatures mean crisper produce and longer fridge life.
-
Kick off the fall garden with carrots, kale, and lettuce
Keep young seedlings shaded and moist in summer heat. A row of taller crops works as natural shade.
A few tasks this July that'll pay off in August
- First harvests: basil, carrots, and cucumber
- Fall sowing: alliums, crocus, and daffodils
Rock County is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is May 10 and the first fall frost is October 6, giving you a growing season of approximately 149 days.
At an elevation of 1,012 ft, Rock County receives approximately 32.4 in of rainfall annually. Summer highs average 81°F with winter lows around 1°F. The predominant soil type is Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 31 days year to year — ranging from April 20 in warm years to May 22 in cold years. The growing season is trending shorter by about 2.05 days per decade. Rock County scores 59/100 (Moderate) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
5a (-20°F to -15°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
May 10
🍂 First Frost
October 6
📅 Growing Season
149 days
⛰️ Elevation
1,012 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
32.4 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Rock County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
Why it matters: Watering by the calendar wastes water. Watering by the soil moisture (or by a free rain gauge) cuts your water use 30%+ and produces healthier roots. Rock County's 32" annual baseline is the starting point.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.9 in | 3 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.2 in | 4 days | — | None |
| Mar | 1.9 in | 5 days | — | None |
| Apr | 3.8 in | 7 days | 0.5 in | Low |
| May | 4.6 in | 9 days | — | Low |
| Jun | 5.6 in | 7 days | — | Low |
| Jul | 3.5 in | 8 days | 0.8 in | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 in | 7 days | 0.3 in | Low |
| Sep | 3.2 in | 5 days | 1.1 in | Moderate |
| Oct | 1.8 in | 5 days | 2.5 in | High |
| Nov | 1.1 in | 3 days | — | None |
| Dec | 0.8 in | 4 days | — | None |
Annual total: 32.4 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Rock County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH
6.7-7.3
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | May 22 | Oct 18 | 149 days |
| Cautious | May 14 | Oct 11 | 150 days |
| Average year | May 10 | Oct 6 | 149 days |
| Optimistic | May 1 | Sep 28 | 150 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | Apr 20 | Sep 21 | 154 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±31 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Yes — growing seasons are getting shorter here (about 2.1 days per decade). Use the "Conservative" dates and choose fast-maturing varieties.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Rock County presents some gardening challenges. Choose adapted varieties and plan around frost dates.
Local Gardening Help in Rock County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Rock County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Rock County University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension Extension Office
Phone: 402-472-2966
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Rock County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Rock County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Rock County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Rock County NE" or "garden center Rock County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Rock County NE" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Rock County Gardeners" or "Nebraska Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Rock County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
What this means for you: Lettuce and cilantro "bolt" (go to seed) when days lengthen. Knowing your day-length curve helps you time spring plantings to harvest before the bolting trigger hits. Rock County's daylight ranges shape the planting calendar.
Longest Day
15.1 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
8.9 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
11.1 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 9.2 hr | 5.2 hr | Short day |
| February | 10.3 hr | 5.9 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.7 hr | 7.4 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.2 hr | 7.8 hr | Neutral |
| May | 14.4 hr | 8.8 hr | Long day |
| June | 15.1 hr | 9.9 hr | Long day |
| July | 14.8 hr | 11.1 hr | Long day |
| August | 13.7 hr | 9.3 hr | Neutral |
| September | 12.3 hr | 8.3 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.8 hr | 7 hr | Short day |
| November | 9.5 hr | 5.7 hr | Short day |
| December | 8.9 hr | 4.7 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Rock County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Why it matters: Soil heats slower than air in spring and cools slower in fall. That's why "warm" April air doesn't mean "plant tomatoes" — soil still trails by weeks. Rock County's monthly soil curve makes the lag visible.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil warm enough from Jun through Sep.
Best Month to Compost
Jun
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
6 months
Solid season. Piles go dormant in winter.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16°F | 23°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | 19°F | 22°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | 26°F | 28°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 43°F | 39°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| May | 55°F | 51°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Jun | 67°F | 59°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Jul | 71°F | 68°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Aug | 75°F | 70°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Sep | 67°F | 64°F | 🔥 Peak | ~8 weeks |
| Oct | 51°F | 57°F | ♻️ Active | ~14 weeks |
| Nov | 38°F | 43°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Dec | 23°F | 33°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Rock County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
Quick context: Pest pressure is a function of climate, not effort. Rock County's baseline tells you how much vigilance is normal. A bad pest year in low-pressure region = a normal year in high-pressure region.
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 5 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage worms | Low | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Colorado potato beetle | Low | Jun, Jul |
| Flea beetles | Low | May, Jun, Jul |
| Slugs | Moderate | May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Rock County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
What this means for you: Cover crops fix nitrogen by hosting bacteria that pull it from the air. A vigorous legume cover crop can deliver 50-150 lbs/acre of nitrogen — meaningful for the next vegetable season.
Spring Cover Crops (2 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | May 14 | Jul 28 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| White clover | Apr 9 | Aug 11 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Jun 9 | Sep 8 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (5 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daikon radish | Aug 28 | Apr 26 | — | Deep taproot breaks compaction, excellent for clay soils |
| Hairy vetch | Jul 30 | Apr 19 | ✓ Yes | Excellent nitrogen fixer, good for depleted soils |
| Oats | Sep 3 | Apr 26 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jul 9 | Apr 19 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jul 13 | Apr 26 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate in Rock County
The practical takeaway: Wind dries soil, knocks over young transplants, and disrupts pollination for bees and butterflies. Rock County averages 11.6 mph — above 10 mph means windbreaks (shrubs, fences, taller crops to windward), staked tomatoes from day one, and an extra round of watering during dry windy spells. Lower wind = lower water bills and fewer broken stems.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 17 mph Summer: 12 mph
Fall: 15 mph Winter: 14 mph
Prevailing wind: S. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the S side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
8.8/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
Low
Relatively flat terrain (139 ft range). Frost pocket risk is minimal — garden placement is flexible.
Rainwater Harvesting in Rock County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
What this means for you: Rainwater scales linearly with roof area. A 2,000 sq ft roof in Rock County captures ~1,200 gallons per 1" of rain — given 32" annual rainfall, that's thousands of gallons a year if you have storage to hold it.
Annual Collection
16,148 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
6 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 2,000 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Apr, May, Jun, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Jan, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 32.4 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 16,148 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Rock County
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH 6.7–7.3 · Moderately Well Drained drainage
Native soil is well-suited to most vegetables and herbs with regular compost additions.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 5.5/10
Moderate drought pressure. Drip irrigation and mulching are highly recommended to maintain soil moisture through summer.
Season Tips
149-day frost-free season
Start warm-season crops indoors and focus on short-season varieties. Cold frames extend your season by 3–4 weeks in fall.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Rock County
105 vegetables that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Rock County.
Show all 105 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Sep 20 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Oct 11 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 24 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 19 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 30 – Oct 25 | 110–150 |
| Bitter Melon | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 6 | 60–90 |
| Black Beans | — | May 17 | — | — | Aug 16 – Oct 4 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 26 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 12 – Aug 23 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 26 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Oct 4 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Sep 27 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 60–100 |
| Calabash | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Oct 11 | 80–120 |
| Carrots | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Aug 2 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Sep 6 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 23 – Sep 27 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 2 – Sep 27 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 12 – Aug 23 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 23 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 2 – Sep 13 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 12 – Aug 23 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 2 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Sep 20 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Sep 6 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 60–100 |
| Cowpeas | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 60–90 |
| Cress | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | May 24 – Jun 14 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Aug 9 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Sep 27 – Oct 11 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 19 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Sep 20 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | May 17 | — | — | Aug 2 – Sep 13 | 75–100 |
| Eggplant | Mar 1 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Oct 4 | 65–85 |
| Endive | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Aug 2 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 2 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 26 – Sep 6 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 6 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Nov 24 – Feb 9 | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | May 24 | — | Sep 27 – Nov 8 | 120–180 |
| Hot Peppers | Mar 1 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Nov 8 | 70–120 |
| Hubbard Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Sep 6 – Oct 11 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Sep 20 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Jul 26 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 30 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | May 17 | — | — | Aug 16 – Sep 20 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Aug 2 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Jul 19 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Oct 25 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 2 – Sep 13 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 23 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 60–90 |
| Mache | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 26 | 40–60 |
| Melon | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Sep 20 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | May 17 – Jun 14 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Aug 23 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Jul 12 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 9 | 55–75 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 16 | 55–70 |
| Okra | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 50–65 |
| Onion | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Sep 27 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 19 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Sep 20 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Aug 9 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 30 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Mar 1 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 4 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Oct 11 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Oct 11 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 26 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 12 – Aug 16 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | May 24 – Jun 14 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 26 – Sep 6 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Jul 19 – Aug 23 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Sep 20 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 2 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Aug 30 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Aug 9 – Sep 27 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Mar 22 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 13 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Aug 30 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | May 17 | — | — | Aug 9 – Oct 4 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Sep 20 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Sep 13 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Oct 11 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | May 24 | — | Sep 13 – Nov 8 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 60–90 |
| Sweet Potatoes | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Oct 11 | 90–120 |
| Tatsoi | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Jul 19 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 4 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 4 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | Apr 26 | — | Jul 28 | Jun 7 – Jul 12 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 10 | Jul 28 | Jun 21 – Jul 26 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Sep 20 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | May 17 | — | — | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 50–65 |
| Winter Melon | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 23 – Oct 11 | 90–120 |
| Yard Long Beans | Mar 15 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 55–80 |
| Zucchini | Apr 5 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Rock County
27 fruits that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Rock County.
Show all 27 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | May 31 | — | Aug 30 – Nov 15 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Blackberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Blueberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Boysenberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | May 31 | — | Aug 9 – Sep 13 | 70–90 |
| Che Fruit | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Cranberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | May 31 | — | Aug 9 – Oct 4 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | May 31 | — | Aug 23 – Oct 4 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Pawpaw | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Persimmon | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Quince | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Raspberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | May 31 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | May 31 | — | Aug 30 – Nov 15 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Rock County
34 herbs that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Rock County.
Show all 34 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Aug 2 – Oct 18 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Mar 22 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 20 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | May 17 | — | Aug 16 – Nov 1 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 28 – Aug 16 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 20 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Sep 13 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Cumin | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Aug 16 – Oct 18 | 100–120 |
| Dill | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 40–60 |
| Epazote | Mar 22 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 45–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Sep 13 | 60–90 |
| Feverfew | — | — | May 17 | — | Aug 16 – Nov 1 | 90–120 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | May 17 | — | Aug 2 – Sep 27 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 6 | 60–70 |
| Lemon Thyme | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 70–90 |
| Lovage | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jul 5 – Sep 6 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | May 17 | — | Aug 2 – Sep 27 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 12 – Sep 6 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Apr 5 | Apr 26 | May 3 | Jul 28 | Jun 14 – Aug 16 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 27 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Mar 22 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 20 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | May 17 | — | Sep 20 – Nov 1 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Rock County
51 flowers that grow well in Zone 5a with planting dates for Rock County.
Show all 51 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Mar 22 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Jul 12 – Oct 4 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Sep 29 – Oct 27 | 28–42 |
| Anemones | Apr 12 | — | May 10 | — | Jun 21 – Jul 19 | 90–120 |
| Astilbe | Mar 8 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 9 – Oct 11 | 70–100 |
| Bachelor's Button | Mar 29 | Apr 19 | May 10 | — | Jul 12 – Sep 20 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Mar 1 | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Mar 8 | May 10 | May 24 | — | Aug 9 – Nov 8 | 60–80 |
| Bleeding Hearts | Mar 8 | — | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 60–90 |
| Calendula | Mar 29 | Apr 19 | May 10 | — | Jun 28 – Sep 20 | 50–70 |
| Celosia | Apr 5 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 25 | 60–90 |
| Columbine | Mar 8 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 70–100 |
| Coreopsis | Mar 8 | May 17 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Nov 8 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Apr 12 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 60–90 |
| Crocus | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Jul 7 – Jul 28 | 10–20 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Jul 14 – Aug 4 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | Apr 12 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Aug 9 – Nov 1 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Mar 8 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Nov 8 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Mar 8 | Apr 12 | Apr 26 | — | Jun 14 – Aug 30 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Mar 8 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Nov 8 | 70–90 |
| Foxglove | Mar 8 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 80–120 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Mar 15 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Nov 22 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Mar 1 | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | May 17 | May 17 | — | Aug 9 – Nov 1 | 70–100 |
| Hostas | Mar 1 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 16 – Nov 8 | 60–90 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Aug 4 – Sep 1 | 14–28 |
| Hydrangeas | Mar 1 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 9 – Oct 25 | 90–150 |
| Impatiens | Mar 15 | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 23 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | Apr 12 | — | — | Jun 21 – Aug 16 | 60–90 |
| Lavender | Mar 1 | — | May 31 | — | Aug 9 – Sep 20 | 90–120 |
| Lilies | — | Division | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Oct 25 | 70–120 |
| Lobelia | Mar 1 | — | May 3 | — | Jun 28 – Sep 6 | 70–80 |
| Lupine | Mar 8 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Jul 19 – Aug 30 | 75–100 |
| Marigolds | Mar 29 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Jul 12 – Oct 4 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Apr 12 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Jul 12 – Oct 18 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Mar 1 | — | May 10 | — | Jul 5 – Aug 30 | 70–90 |
| Peonies | — | Division | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Sep 13 | 90–120 |
| Petunia | Mar 15 | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 70–90 |
| Phlox | Mar 8 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Aug 9 – Oct 25 | 80–110 |
| Portulaca | Apr 5 | May 24 | May 24 | — | Jul 12 – Oct 11 | 50–70 |
| Roses | Mar 1 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 9 – Nov 8 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Mar 8 | — | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Mar 8 | — | May 24 | — | Sep 20 – Nov 22 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | Mar 1 | Apr 26 | May 10 | — | Jul 19 – Sep 20 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Apr 19 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Aug 9 – Oct 18 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | Mar 22 | Apr 26 | May 10 | — | Jun 21 – Aug 30 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | Mar 29 | Apr 5 | May 10 | — | Jul 26 – Sep 27 | 65–85 |
| Tulips | — | — | — | Aug 25 | Jul 28 – Aug 18 | 15–30 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Feb 22 | — | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Oct 18 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Mar 8 | May 10 | May 24 | — | Aug 2 – Nov 8 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Apr 12 | May 17 | May 17 | — | Jul 26 – Oct 18 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Rock County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Rock County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Rock County, NE?
Rock County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Rock County, NE?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Rock County falls around May 10. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between April 20 and May 22 — a 31-day window of variability. Use May 22 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Rock County, NE?
The median first fall frost in Rock County arrives around October 6. In cold years it can arrive as early as September 21; in mild years as late as October 18. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Rock County?
Rock County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 149 days. Focus on short-season varieties and start warm-season crops indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Climate records show the growing season is trending shorter by about 2.05 days per decade.
What is the soil like in Rock County for gardening?
Rock County has predominantly Loam soil with a pH range of 6.7–7.3 and Moderately Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Rock County?
Rock County has commercial agriculture that includes Corn, Wheat, Soybeans, Cattle, Sorghum. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Rock County a good location for home gardening?
Rock County scores 59/100 (Moderate) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Conditions here are moderate — most common crops grow well with standard timing and care.
Your Rock County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Rock County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log