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When to Plant Valerian in Yellowstone County, MT

Yellowstone County, Montana Zone 4b April

Your April planting checklist for Yellowstone County, Montana

Your garden in Yellowstone County, Montana is working on a schedule, even when you're not. Here's where you should be this April.

Avg. last frost May 9
Avg. first frost October 3
Soil temp (4") 16°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 13.3 hrs
A few tasks this April that'll pay off in May
  • Transplants going out: valerian

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Valerian is a tall perennial herb with fragrant white or pink flower clusters, valued for its root which is used as a natural sleep aid. It attracts pollinators and earthworms.

Yellowstone County, Montana is in USDA Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 9 and the first fall frost is October 3, giving you a growing season of approximately 147 days.

At an elevation of 7,432 feet, Yellowstone County receives approximately 21.1 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 80°F, so choose short-season varieties of Valerian to ensure they mature before fall.

Yellowstone County, MT (Zone 4b) Short season
147 days
Last Spring Frost May 9
147 growing days
First Fall Frost October 3
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Yellowstone County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.2-8

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✗ May not fit
Transplant: May 11 🍅 Harvest: Sep 14 – Oct 5
Recommended (50%) ✗ May not fit
Transplant: May 16 🍅 Harvest: Sep 19 – Oct 10
Safe Start (90%) ✗ May not fit
Transplant: May 29 🍅 Harvest: Oct 2 – Oct 23

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Yellowstone County

How your county's soil matches Valerian's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.2–8.0) is more alkaline than Valerian prefers (5.5–7.0). Add sulfur or peat moss to lower pH.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Yellowstone County is excellent for Valerian — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Drainage

Drainage is adequate for Valerian.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.4%). Annual compost additions will help Valerian.

How to Plant Valerian

0.5"
Planting Depth
8"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.6″/week
You supply
0.8″/week
Watering frequency 2-3 times/week
Season total 1,094 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 8/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Valerian

Valerian needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Valerian Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 2.7" 1.6" 💧 Light watering
Jun 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 4.3" 2.5" 1.8" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 1.7" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 4.3" 1.8" 2.5" 🚿 Regular watering
Nov 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Yellowstone County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Valerian Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Valerian needs ~1,500 GDD — county provides 1,470 GDD Tight fit

Valerian Planting Timeline — Yellowstone County, MT

Valerian Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Transplant Outdoors May 16 May 16 – May 30
Harvest September 19 Sep 19 – Oct 10

Plant 0.5" deep · 8" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April
May Transplant Outdoors
June
July
August
September Harvest
October Harvest
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Partial Shade (3-6 hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · 2-3 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

120–180 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 5.5–7 · Your soil: too_alkaline

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4b

📆 Growing Season

147 days in Yellowstone County

Growing Tips for Valerian in Yellowstone County

Direct sow Valerian outdoors after May 09 in Yellowstone County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Your 147.0-day growing season in Yellowstone County is tight for Valerian (120.0-180.0 days to maturity). Start indoors and choose early-maturing varieties.

Yellowstone County receives only 21" of rain annually. Valerian needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors and transplant after last frost. Harvest roots in fall of the second year. Deadhead flowers unless you want self-seeding. Cats are attracted to valerian root.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Valerian in Yellowstone County, MT?

Yellowstone County is in Zone 4b with an average last frost of May 9. Plan your Valerian planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Yellowstone County, MT?

Yellowstone County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 9 and first fall frost is October 3.

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Your Yellowstone County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Yellowstone County (Zone 4b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Yellowstone County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: April 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.