Valley County, MT — Planting Guide
Your June gardening checklist
Welcome to June in Zone 4a. These are the moves that will have the biggest impact on your growing season.
-
Get basil, cucumber, and peppers in the ground
Pinch off the lowest leaves on each seedling before you plant — it reduces water loss while the roots catch up.
-
Sow cucumber, kale, and lettuce in trays indoors
Starting these indoors now means sturdy transplants ready the moment your soil warms up.
-
Start harvesting lettuce, radish, and arugula
Taste as you pick. The first ripe produce is the best feedback loop you'll get all season.
-
Direct-sow carrots, kale, and lettuce for cool weather
Keep young seedlings shaded and moist in summer heat. A row of taller crops works as natural shade.
Looking ahead to July
- Starting indoors: basil, peppers, and pole beans
- First harvests: basil, carrots, and cucumber
Valley County is in USDA Zone 4a. The average last spring frost is May 13 and the first fall frost is September 21, giving you a growing season of approximately 131 days.
At an elevation of 8,293 ft, Valley County receives approximately 23.2 in of rainfall annually. The predominant soil type is Loam.
Based on 31 years of NOAA climate station data, the last frost date here varies by 34 days year to year — ranging from May 1 in warm years to June 4 in cold years. Valley County scores 50/100 (Moderate) on the Microclimate Index.
🌡️ Zone
4a (-30°F to -25°F min)
❄️ Last Frost
May 13
🍂 First Frost
September 21
📅 Growing Season
131 days
⛰️ Elevation
8,293 ft
🌧️ Annual Rainfall
23.2 in
Monthly Watering Calendar for Valley County
When you'll need to water your garden — based on average monthly rainfall vs. the ~1 inch/week most gardens need.
The practical takeaway: Watering math is simple: 1 inch of rainfall delivers ~600 gallons to a 1,000 sq ft garden. Valley County's 23" annual rainfall covers some months entirely; others need a few hours of drip irrigation per week. The calendar tells you which is which.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Avg Rainfall | Rainy Days | Extra Water Needed | Watering Effort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.7 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Feb | 1.5 in | 6 days | — | None |
| Mar | 2.2 in | 7 days | — | None |
| Apr | 2.2 in | 7 days | — | None |
| May | 2.7 in | 7 days | 1.6 in | High |
| Jun | 1.8 in | 4 days | 2.5 in | High |
| Jul | 1.9 in | 6 days | 2.4 in | High |
| Aug | 2.6 in | 7 days | 1.7 in | High |
| Sep | 2.1 in | 6 days | 2.2 in | High |
| Oct | 1.8 in | 6 days | — | None |
| Nov | 1.7 in | 6 days | — | None |
| Dec | 1.1 in | 6 days | — | None |
Annual total: 23.3 in. Water needs vary by crop — tomatoes need ~1.2"/week while herbs like rosemary need only 0.3"/week. Check individual plant pages for crop-specific water budgets that factor in your county's rainfall and soil drainage.
Valley County Soil Profile
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH
6.6-8.2
Drainage
Well Drained
Frost Risk Probability
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data from 3 stations
Beginners: Plant frost-sensitive crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) after the "Safe" date on the left. Harvest or cover them before the "Protect by" date on the right. Hardy crops (lettuce, peas, kale) can go in the yellow transition zones.
How to read this table: "Conservative" means you're safe from frost 9 out of 10 years — best for beginners and frost-sensitive crops. "Average year" is the typical date. "Aggressive" means only 1 in 10 years is that warm — experienced gardeners with frost protection can try these dates.
| Planting Strategy | Last Spring Frost | First Fall Frost | Frost-Free Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative (safest) | Jun 4 | Oct 9 | 127 days |
| Cautious | May 20 | Oct 1 | 134 days |
| Average year | May 13 | Sep 21 | 131 days |
| Optimistic | May 10 | Sep 13 | 126 days |
| Aggressive (risky) | May 1 | Aug 30 | 121 days |
Not very — frost dates can vary by ±34 days year-to-year. Use the "Conservative" row in the table below, and keep row covers handy for surprise late frosts.
Gardening Difficulty Score
Valley County presents some gardening challenges. Choose adapted varieties and plan around frost dates.
Local Gardening Help in Valley County
Free expert help is closer than you think. Your county's cooperative extension office connects you with trained gardeners, soil testing labs, and local programs — all specific to Valley County's climate and soil.
County Extension Office
Valley County Montana State University Extension Extension Office
Phone: 406-994-3402
Visit Extension Office Website →
Extension offices are run by land-grant universities and funded by the USDA. Their advice is free, research-based, and tailored to your county's specific conditions.
Master Gardener Program
Free gardening help from trained volunteers
Master Gardeners are community volunteers who complete 40–60 hours of university horticultural training. They answer gardening questions, diagnose plant problems, and offer workshops — all free.
Many extension offices run a Master Gardener hotline where you can call or email with photos of plant problems for free diagnosis.
Soil Testing
Available through your extension office
Before amending your soil, get it tested. Your extension office offers soil testing (typically $10–$25) that tells you exact pH, nutrient levels, and amendment recommendations specific to what you want to grow.
Services Available in Valley County
Finding local nurseries & garden centers in Valley County
Why Buy Local
Local nurseries carry plants that are proven to grow in your area. Staff can give you advice specific to Valley County's soil and climate that big-box stores can't. Plants from local growers are typically hardier because they're already acclimated to your zone.
How to Find Them
Search for "nurseries near Valley County MT" or "garden center Valley County" on Google Maps. Also check with your extension office — they often maintain lists of reputable local nurseries and plant sales.
Community gardens & gardening groups
Community gardens are a great way to learn from experienced gardeners in your area, especially if you're limited on space. Search "community garden Valley County MT" or check your extension office and local parks department. Facebook groups like "Valley County Gardeners" or "Montana Gardening" are also excellent for local advice and plant swaps.
What to Plant After Your Harvest
After your first crops finish, use the remaining frost-free days to grow a second round.
Show 6 more succession options
Sunlight & Day Length in Valley County
Monthly daylight hours and peak sun — critical for onion varieties, photoperiod-sensitive plants, and solar garden planning.
Why it matters: The longest day at Valley County's latitude gets longer the further north you go. Strawberries, garlic, onions all care. The shortest day gets shorter — which limits winter growing for greens without artificial light.
Longest Day
15.9 hours
Summer solstice daylight
Shortest Day
8.1 hours
Winter solstice daylight
Peak Sun Hours
11.4 hr/day peak (summer)
Peak sun hours (green dashed line below) account for cloud cover — this is the usable direct sunlight your garden actually receives. Most vegetables need 6+ peak sun hours.
Onion tip: Your long summer days (14+ hours) support long-day onion varieties like Walla Walla, Sweet Spanish, and Ailsa Craig.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Daylight Hours | Peak Sun Hours | Day Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 8.5 hr | 4.8 hr | Short day |
| February | 9.9 hr | 5.9 hr | Short day |
| March | 11.6 hr | 7.2 hr | Short day |
| April | 13.4 hr | 7.9 hr | Neutral |
| May | 15 hr | 9.6 hr | Long day |
| June | 15.9 hr | 11.4 hr | Long day |
| July | 15.5 hr | 10.6 hr | Long day |
| August | 14.1 hr | 9.6 hr | Long day |
| September | 12.3 hr | 8.7 hr | Neutral |
| October | 10.5 hr | 6.6 hr | Short day |
| November | 8.9 hr | 5.3 hr | Short day |
| December | 8.1 hr | 4.3 hr | Short day |
Peak sun hours factor in typical cloud cover — use these for solar panel and shade-planning calculations.
Soil Temperature & Composting in Valley County
Monthly soil temps tell you when to plant warm-season crops, and when your compost pile is actively working.
Why it matters: Compost piles need 130-160°F internal temp to actively break down. Below 50°F ambient, microbial activity slows dramatically. Valley County's soil temperature curve also tells you when your compost is working and when it's napping.
Plant Warm Crops When
Soil reaches 60°F+
Soil rarely reaches 60°F — use black plastic mulch to warm soil.
Best Month to Compost
Apr
Microbial activity peaks when soil is warm.
Active Composting
0 months
Short season — insulate pile or use indoor vermicomposting.
View detailed monthly data
| Month | Soil 4" Deep | Soil 8" Deep | Compost Activity | Time to Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -17°F | -8°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Feb | -16°F | -10°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Mar | -5°F | -4°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Apr | 9°F | 8°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| May | 25°F | 19°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Jun | 37°F | 29°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Jul | 42°F | 37°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Aug | 45°F | 38°F | 🐢 Slow | ~24 weeks |
| Sep | 37°F | 34°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Oct | 19°F | 25°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Nov | 7°F | 13°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
| Dec | -11°F | -1°F | ❄️ Dormant | ~36 weeks |
Highlighted rows = soil 60°F+ (safe for warm-season transplants). Compost finishes fastest during peak activity months.
Pest & Disease Pressure in Valley County
Computed from local climate patterns — warmer, humid conditions increase pest generations and fungal disease risk.
The practical takeaway: Pest and disease pressure is the X-factor most beginners under-plan for. Valley County's climate determines whether you can mostly "plant and see" or whether you need a pest-management routine from the first seedling.
Insect Pest Pressure
Moderate — common pests appear but manageable with monitoring.
Disease Risk
Low disease risk — dry conditions reduce fungal problems.
Seasonal Risk
View 4 common pests in your area
| Pest | Risk Level | Peak Months |
|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Cabbage worms | Moderate | Jun, Jul, Aug |
| Flea beetles | Low | May, Jun, Jul |
| Slugs | Low | May, Jun, Jul, Aug |
Organic pest management tips
- Maintain healthy soil with regular compost additions to build natural pest resistance
- Practice crop rotation annually to break pest cycles
- Encourage beneficial insects with flowering herbs like dill, fennel, and yarrow
Cover Crops for Valley County
Cover crops protect bare soil, fix nitrogen, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure — with planting dates calibrated for your area.
Why it matters: Cover crops protect microbial life through winter and summer. Bare soil bakes; covered soil stays cooler, moister, and biologically active. The difference shows up in next year's crops.
Spring Cover Crops (2 options) — Build soil before the main growing season
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckwheat | May 18 | Jul 27 | — | Rapid growth, attracts pollinators, suppresses weeds |
| White clover | Apr 18 | Jul 27 | ✓ Yes | Living mulch, fixes nitrogen, permanent ground cover |
Summer Cover Crops (1 options) — Fill gaps and suppress weeds between plantings
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunflowers | Jun 1 | Aug 24 | — | Deep roots break compaction, attract pollinators and beneficial insects |
Fall Cover Crops (3 options) — Plant after harvest to protect soil over winter
| Crop | Plant By | Terminate | N-Fixing | Soil Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oats | Aug 16 | Apr 22 | — | Quick biomass, winterkills in cold zones — no spring tillage needed |
| Winter rye | Jul 1 | Apr 22 | — | Suppresses weeds, prevents erosion, breaks up compacted soil |
| Winter wheat | Jun 25 | Apr 22 | — | Erosion control, weed suppression, good biomass |
Wind & Microclimate in Valley County
For new gardeners: Pollinators avoid windy days. Valley County's 11.4 mph average wind isn't enough to stop bees and butterflies — but plant fruiting crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) in protected microclimates and you'll see noticeably better fruit set.
Wind dries soil, stresses plants, and affects frost patterns. Understanding your exposure helps with garden placement.
Seasonal Wind Speed
Spring: 16 mph Summer: 11 mph
Fall: 13 mph Winter: 16 mph
Prevailing wind: W. Windy area — plant a windbreak hedge on the W side of your garden.
Windbreak Benefit
7.4/10
Strongly recommended — a windbreak (fence, hedge, or row of tall crops like corn or sunflowers) will significantly improve garden yields.
Frost Pocket Risk
High
Hilly terrain with 1,816 ft of elevation range — cold air pools in low spots. Avoid planting frost-sensitive crops in valleys.
Rainwater Harvesting in Valley County
How much water you can collect, when to collect it, and what size system you need for your garden.
The practical takeaway: Most gardens use 0.5-1 gallon per square foot per week in summer. Valley County's 23" annual rainfall is enough to cover most needs if you can capture it. Rain barrels under downspouts are the simplest entry point.
Annual Collection
11,612 gal
Per 1,000 sq ft of roof area (at 80% collection efficiency)
Recommended Setup
7 rain barrels (55 gal each)
For a typical 500 sq ft garden. Serious collectors: consider a 1,500 gal tank.
Legal Status
Unrestricted
Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state with no restrictions.
Best Collection Months
Mar, Apr, May, Aug
Highest rainfall months — your barrels will fill up quickly during these months.
Months to Draw From Storage
Feb, Nov, Dec
Dry months when you'll rely on stored water — size your storage for this gap.
Rainwater collection tips for your area
- Your county receives approximately 23.3 inches of rain per year
- A 1,000 sq ft roof can collect roughly 11,612 gallons annually
- Rainwater harvesting is fully legal in your state
- Stock up on stored water before your dry season (Feb, Nov, Dec)
- Use a first-flush diverter to keep roof debris out of your collection
Soil & Growing Conditions in Valley County
Soil Type
Loam
Soil pH 6.6–8.2 · Well Drained drainage
Good candidate for raised beds to maximise drainage and extend the season.
Watering Needs
Drought stress: 5.5/10
Moderate drought pressure. Drip irrigation and mulching are highly recommended to maintain soil moisture through summer.
Season Tips
131-day frost-free season
Start warm-season crops indoors and focus on short-season varieties. Cold frames extend your season by 3–4 weeks in fall.
Your Free Printable Garden Planner
Plan every bed, every planting, every harvest — in one place. This 22-page printable includes your zone's planting calendar, a month-by-month task list, a seed inventory tracker, a harvest log, and succession-planting charts. Built to print, write in, and actually use all season.
Recommended for Your Garden
Test your soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before planting.
Get instant, accurate soil pH readings to fine-tune your amendments.
Boost soil fertility and structure with rich, well-aged organic compost.
🥬 Vegetables to Grow in Valley County
95 vegetables that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Valley County.
Show all 95 vegetables with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acorn Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 26 – Sep 30 | 80–100 |
| Amaranth | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 2 – Oct 21 | 90–120 |
| Arugula | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 30–50 |
| Asparagus | — | — | May 27 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Beets | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Jul 29 | 50–70 |
| Belgian Endive | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Sep 2 – Oct 7 | 110–150 |
| Black Beans | — | May 27 | — | — | Aug 26 – Oct 14 | 90–120 |
| Bok Choy | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 40–60 |
| Broccoli | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 15 – Aug 26 | 60–90 |
| Broccoli Rabe | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 40–60 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 12 – Oct 7 | 90–130 |
| Butternut Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 2 – Oct 7 | 85–110 |
| Cabbage | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 15 – Sep 9 | 60–100 |
| Carrots | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 12 | 60–80 |
| Cauliflower | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 9 | 55–100 |
| Celeriac | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 26 – Sep 30 | 100–120 |
| Celery | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 5 – Sep 30 | 80–120 |
| Celtuce | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 15 – Aug 26 | 60–90 |
| Chard | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 50–60 |
| Chickpeas | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 5 – Sep 16 | 80–110 |
| Chicory | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 15 – Aug 26 | 60–85 |
| Chinese Cabbage | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 5 | 50–70 |
| Christmas Lima Beans | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 26 – Sep 30 | 80–100 |
| Collard Greens | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 9 | 55–75 |
| Corn | — | May 27 | — | — | Jul 29 – Sep 23 | 60–100 |
| Cress | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | May 27 – Jun 17 | 14–21 |
| Crookneck Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 22 – Aug 19 | 45–60 |
| Crosne | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Oct 7 – Sep 30 | 150–200 |
| Cucumber | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 23 | 50–70 |
| Daikon | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Jul 29 | 50–70 |
| Delicata Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 26 – Sep 30 | 80–100 |
| Edamame | — | May 27 | — | — | Aug 12 – Sep 23 | 75–100 |
| Endive | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Aug 5 | 45–65 |
| Escarole | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 5 | 50–70 |
| Fava Beans | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 29 – Sep 9 | 75–100 |
| Fennel | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 16 | 60–90 |
| Garlic | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Nov 9 – Jan 4 | 90–240 |
| Green Beans | — | May 27 | — | — | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 50–65 |
| Horseradish | — | — | May 27 | — | Sep 30 – Oct 21 | 120–180 |
| Hubbard Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 16 – Oct 21 | 100–120 |
| Kabocha | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 2 – Sep 30 | 85–100 |
| Kai Lan | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Jul 29 | 45–60 |
| Kale | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 2 | 50–70 |
| Kidney Beans | — | May 27 | — | — | Aug 26 – Sep 30 | 85–110 |
| Kohlrabi | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Aug 5 | 45–65 |
| Komatsuna | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Jul 22 | 35–50 |
| Leeks | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 12 – Oct 7 | 90–150 |
| Lentils | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 5 – Sep 16 | 80–110 |
| Lettuce | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 26 | 30–60 |
| Lima Beans | — | May 27 | — | — | Jul 29 – Sep 9 | 60–90 |
| Mache | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 40–60 |
| Melon | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 12 – Sep 30 | 70–100 |
| Microgreens | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | May 20 – Jun 17 | 7–21 |
| Mitsuba | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Aug 26 | 50–70 |
| Mizuna | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Jul 15 | 30–45 |
| Mustard Greens | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 30–50 |
| Napa Cabbage | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 12 | 55–75 |
| Onion | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 12 – Sep 30 | 90–120 |
| Pac Choi | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 22 | 40–55 |
| Parsnip | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Aug 19 – Sep 30 | 100–130 |
| Patty Pan Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 22 – Aug 19 | 45–60 |
| Peas | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 2 | 55–70 |
| Peppers | Feb 25 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 14 | 60–90 |
| Pole Beans | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 23 | 55–70 |
| Potatoes | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 21 | 70–120 |
| Pumpkin | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 2 – Oct 21 | 85–120 |
| Purslane | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 40–60 |
| Radicchio | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 15 – Aug 19 | 60–80 |
| Radish | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jun 3 – Jun 24 | 22–35 |
| Rhubarb | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Romanesco | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 29 – Sep 9 | 75–100 |
| Rutabaga | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jul 29 – Sep 2 | 80–100 |
| Salsify | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Aug 19 – Sep 30 | 100–130 |
| Savoy Cabbage | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 70–110 |
| Scallions | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Aug 5 | 50–70 |
| Scarlet Runner Beans | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 9 | 60–80 |
| Shallot | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Aug 12 – Sep 30 | 90–120 |
| Shiso | Mar 18 | May 20 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 23 | 50–70 |
| Snap Peas | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 23 | 55–70 |
| Snow Peas | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 2 | 50–65 |
| Soybeans | — | May 27 | — | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 80–120 |
| Spaghetti Squash | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Sep 2 – Sep 30 | 85–100 |
| Spinach | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 35–50 |
| Squash (Summer) | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 23 | 45–65 |
| Squash (Winter) | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 26 – Oct 21 | 80–120 |
| Sunchoke | — | — | May 27 | — | Sep 16 – Oct 21 | 110–150 |
| Sweet Corn | — | May 27 | — | — | Jul 29 – Sep 9 | 60–90 |
| Tatsoi | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Jul 22 | 35–50 |
| Tomatillo | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 14 | 60–85 |
| Tomatoes | Mar 11 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 14 | 60–85 |
| Turnip | — | May 6 | — | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Jul 22 | 40–60 |
| Watercress | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 13 | Jun 29 | Jun 24 – Jul 29 | 40–60 |
| Watermelon | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Aug 12 – Sep 30 | 70–100 |
| Wax Beans | — | May 27 | — | — | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 50–65 |
| Zucchini | Apr 1 | May 27 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 45–60 |
🍓 Fruits to Grow in Valley County
22 fruits that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Valley County.
Show all 22 fruits with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Strawberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | Sep 9 – Nov 4 | 90–180 |
| Aronia | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Blueberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Cantaloupe | — | — | Jun 10 | — | Aug 19 – Sep 23 | 70–90 |
| Cranberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Currants | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Elderberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Goji Berries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Gooseberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Grapes | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Ground Cherry | — | — | Jun 10 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 65–80 |
| Hardy Kiwi | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Haskaps | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Honeydew | — | — | Jun 10 | — | Sep 2 – Oct 14 | 80–110 |
| Jostaberry | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Lingonberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Medlar | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 1095–1825 |
| Mulberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1825 |
| Persimmon | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 1095–2555 |
| Raspberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 365–730 |
| Serviceberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | — | 730–1095 |
| Strawberries | — | — | Jun 10 | — | Sep 9 – Nov 4 | 90–365 |
🌿 Herbs to Grow in Valley County
30 herbs that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Valley County.
Show all 30 herbs with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Harvest | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | — | 365–730 |
| Anise | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Aug 5 – Sep 30 | 90–120 |
| Basil | Mar 18 | May 20 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 50–75 |
| Bee Balm | — | — | May 20 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 90–120 |
| Borage | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jul 1 – Aug 19 | 50–60 |
| Caraway | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | — | 365–450 |
| Catnip | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 23 | 60–80 |
| Chamomile | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 16 | 60–90 |
| Chervil | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 40–60 |
| Chives | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Cilantro | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 40–60 |
| Comfrey | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Dill | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 40–60 |
| Fennel (herb) | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 16 | 60–90 |
| Garlic Chives | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Horehound | — | — | May 20 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 30 | 75–90 |
| Hyssop | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 70–90 |
| Lemon Balm | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 9 | 60–70 |
| Lovage | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 70–90 |
| Mint | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Oregano | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Parsley | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jul 8 – Sep 9 | 60–80 |
| Rue | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 70–90 |
| Sage | — | — | May 20 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 30 | 75–90 |
| Savory | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 15 – Sep 9 | 50–70 |
| Sorrel | Apr 1 | May 6 | May 6 | Jun 29 | Jun 17 – Aug 19 | 40–60 |
| Tarragon | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 30 | 60–90 |
| Thai Basil | Mar 18 | May 20 | Jun 3 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 50–75 |
| Thyme | — | — | May 20 | — | Jul 29 – Sep 30 | 70–90 |
| Valerian | — | — | May 20 | — | Sep 23 – Oct 14 | 120–180 |
🌸 Flowers to Grow in Valley County
49 flowers that grow well in Zone 4a with planting dates for Valley County.
Show all 49 flowers with planting dates
| Plant | Start Indoors | Direct Sow | Transplant | Fall Plant | Bloom | Days to Maturity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageratum | Mar 18 | May 20 | May 20 | — | Jul 15 – Sep 23 | 60–75 |
| Alliums | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Sep 21 – Oct 12 | 28–42 |
| Astilbe | Mar 4 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 70–100 |
| Bachelor's Button | Mar 25 | Apr 29 | May 13 | — | Jul 15 – Sep 16 | 60–90 |
| Begonias | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 7 | 70–90 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Mar 4 | May 13 | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 28 | 60–80 |
| Bleeding Hearts | Mar 4 | — | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 2 | 60–90 |
| Calendula | Mar 25 | Apr 29 | May 13 | — | Jul 1 – Sep 16 | 50–70 |
| Celosia | Apr 1 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 29 – Oct 14 | 60–90 |
| Columbine | Mar 4 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 2 | 70–100 |
| Coreopsis | Mar 4 | May 20 | May 27 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 28 | 60–80 |
| Cosmos | Apr 15 | May 20 | May 20 | — | Jul 29 – Oct 14 | 60–90 |
| Crocus | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Jun 15 – Jul 6 | 10–20 |
| Daffodils | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Jun 22 – Jul 13 | 20–40 |
| Dahlias | Apr 15 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 26 – Oct 28 | 70–120 |
| Daylily | Mar 4 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 26 – Oct 28 | 60–90 |
| Dianthus | Mar 11 | Apr 22 | May 6 | — | Jun 24 – Aug 26 | 60–80 |
| Echinacea (Purple Coneflower) | Mar 4 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 26 – Oct 28 | 70–90 |
| Foxglove | Mar 4 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 2 | 80–120 |
| Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) | Mar 18 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Nov 4 | 70–100 |
| Geraniums | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 7 | 70–100 |
| Gladiolus | — | May 20 | May 20 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 21 | 70–100 |
| Hostas | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 26 – Oct 28 | 60–90 |
| Hyacinths | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Jul 13 – Aug 3 | 14–28 |
| Hydrangeas | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 90–150 |
| Impatiens | Mar 11 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 7 | 60–75 |
| Irises | — | Division | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Aug 19 | 60–100 |
| Larkspur | — | Apr 8 | — | — | Jun 17 – Jul 29 | 60–90 |
| Lilies | — | Division | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 21 | 70–120 |
| Lobelia | Mar 4 | — | May 13 | — | Jul 8 – Sep 2 | 70–80 |
| Lupine | Mar 4 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 2 | 75–100 |
| Marigolds | Apr 1 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Oct 7 | 50–70 |
| Nasturtium | Apr 15 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 22 – Oct 7 | 55–65 |
| Pansy | Feb 25 | — | May 13 | — | Jul 8 – Aug 26 | 70–90 |
| Peonies | — | Division | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 9 | 90–120 |
| Petunia | Mar 11 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 14 | 70–90 |
| Phlox | Mar 4 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 21 | 80–110 |
| Portulaca | Apr 1 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Jul 15 – Sep 23 | 50–70 |
| Roses | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 28 | 90–180 |
| Salvia | Mar 4 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 7 | 70–90 |
| Sedum (Stonecrop) | Mar 4 | — | May 27 | — | Sep 30 – Nov 18 | 60–90 |
| Snapdragon | Feb 25 | — | May 13 | — | Jul 22 – Sep 16 | 70–100 |
| Sunflower | Apr 22 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 19 – Oct 14 | 70–100 |
| Sweet Alyssum | Mar 18 | May 6 | May 13 | — | Jun 24 – Aug 26 | 45–60 |
| Sweet Pea | Mar 25 | Apr 8 | May 13 | — | Aug 5 – Sep 16 | 65–85 |
| Tulips | — | — | — | Aug 10 | Jul 6 – Jul 27 | 15–30 |
| Vinca (Annual) | Feb 25 | — | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 7 | 70–90 |
| Yarrow | Mar 4 | May 13 | May 27 | — | Aug 12 – Oct 28 | 60–90 |
| Zinnia | Apr 15 | May 27 | May 27 | — | Aug 5 – Oct 14 | 60–70 |
Monthly Planting Guide for Valley County
Gardening Guides & Resources
Helpful guides from The Ultimate Homestead to improve your garden in Valley County.
Frequently Asked Questions
What planting zone is Valley County, MT?
Valley County is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4a. This zone classification determines which perennial plants survive winter and sets the baseline for frost timing across the county.
When is the last frost in Valley County, MT?
Based on 31 years of NOAA weather station data, the median last spring frost in Valley County falls around May 13. In 8 out of 10 years, last frost lands between May 1 and June 4 — a 34-day window of variability. Use June 4 as your conservative safe-to-plant date for frost-sensitive crops.
When is the first fall frost in Valley County, MT?
The median first fall frost in Valley County arrives around September 21. In cold years it can arrive as early as August 30; in mild years as late as October 9. Harvest or protect frost-sensitive crops — tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash — before this date.
How long is the growing season in Valley County?
Valley County has a frost-free growing season of approximately 131 days. Focus on short-season varieties and start warm-season crops indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost.
What is the soil like in Valley County for gardening?
Valley County has predominantly Loam soil with a pH range of 6.6–8.2 and Well Drained drainage. Most vegetables and herbs grow well with standard composting and seasonal soil amendment.
What is grown commercially in Valley County?
Valley County has commercial agriculture that includes Cattle, Hay, Wheat, Sugar Beets, Barley. These crops reflect the local climate and soil conditions — what succeeds commercially often translates well to home gardens in the same area.
Is Valley County a good location for home gardening?
Valley County scores 50/100 (Moderate) on our Microclimate Index, which combines frost reliability, drought pressure, soil challenge, elevation risk, and long-term climate trend. Conditions here are moderate — most common crops grow well with standard timing and care.
Your Valley County Garden Planner — Free
A 22-page printable planner built for Valley County (Zone 4a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.
The Gardener's Encyclopedia to Companion Planting
The pairings that make vegetables, herbs, and flowers grow better — and the ones that quietly wreck a bed.
- Proven pairings for 200+ vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruits
- Full seed-starting + planting schedule with timing and spacing
- Bonus: square-foot gardening guide + printable seasonal planners
Seed Saving & Storage Guide
Most saved seeds go bad before next season. This shows exactly when to pick, how to dry, and where to store seeds from 200 plants so yours don't.
- 200 plants, step-by-step: life cycle, pollination type, isolation
- Exact temperature + humidity ranges that keep seeds viable
- Bonus: searchable Google Sheets tracker + custom GPT assistant
Composting Guide for Homesteaders
Turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into compost that actually feeds the garden — instead of a pile that smells, attracts pests, and never breaks down.
- 14 sections on composting methods, soil science, and troubleshooting
- The 7-step hot-compost system from start to finish
- Bonus tools: troubleshooting chart, safety guide, monitoring log