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When to Plant Leeks in Petroleum County, MT

Petroleum County, Montana Zone 4b May

Your May gardening checklist

If you only do a handful of things in the garden this May, make it these. They're sequenced around your zone's frost timing.

Avg. last frost May 18
Avg. first frost September 24
Soil temp (4") 30°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.9 hrs
  1. Harden off and plant leeks

    Plant tomatoes deep — bury the stem up to the first true leaves to grow extra roots. Everything else goes in at the same depth it grew in the tray.

  2. Put leeks seeds straight in the ground

    Mark the row. Birds and stray feet both have opinions about unmarked beds.

A few tasks this May that'll pay off in June
  • Starting indoors: leeks

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Leeks are a mild, sweet allium that produces long white shanks. They are more refined than onions and are a key ingredient in soups, stews, and gratins.

Petroleum County, Montana is in USDA Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 18 and the first fall frost is September 24, giving you a growing season of approximately 129 days.

At an elevation of 8,358 feet, Petroleum County receives approximately 13.7 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 81°F, so choose short-season varieties of Leeks to ensure they mature before fall. With low rainfall, drip irrigation is essential for growing Leeks successfully. Mulch heavily to conserve soil moisture.

Petroleum County, MT (Zone 4b) Short season
129 days
Last Spring Frost May 18
129 growing days
First Fall Frost September 24

Petroleum County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.8-8.2

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: Mar 30 Transplant: May 11 🍅 Harvest: Aug 10 – Oct 5
Recommended (50%) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: Apr 6 Transplant: May 18 🍅 Harvest: Aug 17 – Oct 12
Safe Start (90%) ✗ May not fit
Start indoors: Apr 18 Transplant: May 30 🍅 Harvest: Aug 29 – Oct 24

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Petroleum County

How your county's soil matches Leeks's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.8–8.2) is more alkaline than Leeks prefers (6.0–7.0). Add sulfur or peat moss to lower pH.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Petroleum County is excellent for Leeks — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Drainage

Drainage is adequate for Leeks.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.7%). Annual compost additions will help Leeks.

How to Plant Leeks

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
0.8″/week
Rainfall provides
0.5″/week
You supply
0.7″/week
Watering frequency 2-3 times/week
Season total 818 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 6/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Leeks

Leeks needs approximately 0.8 inches of water per week (3.5" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Leeks Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 3.5" 1.8" 1.7" 💧 Light watering
Jun 3.5" 0.9" 2.6" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 3.5" 1.2" 2.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 3.5" 1.5" 2" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 3.5" 1.2" 2.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 0.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Petroleum County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Leeks Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Leeks needs ~1,290 GDD — county provides 1,386 GDD Good fit

Leeks Planting Timeline — Petroleum County, MT

Leeks Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 6 Apr 6 – Apr 20
Transplant Outdoors May 18 May 18 – Jun 1
Direct Sow May 11 May 11 – Jun 1
Harvest August 17 Aug 17 – Oct 12
Fall Sowing July 2 Jul 2 – Jul 16

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
July Fall Sowing
August Harvest
September Harvest
October Harvest
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

0.8"/week · 2-3 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

90–150 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7 · Your soil: too_alkaline

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 4b

📆 Growing Season

129 days in Petroleum County

Growing Tips for Leeks in Petroleum County

Direct sow Leeks outdoors after May 18 in Petroleum County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Your 129.0-day growing season in Petroleum County is tight for Leeks (90.0-150.0 days to maturity). Start indoors and choose early-maturing varieties.

Common pests for Leeks in this region include onion maggots and thrips. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before last frost. Transplant into trenches and hill soil around stems as they grow to increase the white portion. Harvest as needed.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Peas
  • Green Beans

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Leeks in Petroleum County, MT?

Petroleum County is in Zone 4b with an average last frost of May 18. Plan your Leeks planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Petroleum County, MT?

Petroleum County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 4b. The average last spring frost is May 18 and first fall frost is September 24.

🌱

Your Petroleum County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Petroleum County (Zone 4b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Petroleum County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.