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When to Plant Turnip in Gallatin County, MT

Gallatin County, Montana Zone 5a May

Top priorities for Gallatin County, Montana gardeners in May

Your Gallatin County, Montana garden is entering a new phase. Here's what's on the schedule for May and why each task matters now.

Avg. last frost June 8
Avg. first frost September 19
Soil temp (4") 27°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 14.7 hrs
  1. Put turnip seeds straight in the ground

    Thin ruthlessly once seedlings are up. Crowded roots mean smaller crops from every plant.

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Turnips are a fast-growing cool-season root vegetable with edible roots and greens. Baby turnips are sweet and tender while mature ones are more pungent.

Gallatin County, Montana is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 8 and the first fall frost is September 19, giving you a growing season of approximately 103 days.

At an elevation of 8,376 feet, Gallatin County receives approximately 12.4 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 82°F, so choose short-season varieties of Turnip to ensure they mature before fall. With low rainfall, drip irrigation is essential for growing Turnip successfully. Mulch heavily to conserve soil moisture.

Gallatin County, MT (Zone 5a) Short season
103 days
Last Spring Frost June 8
103 growing days
First Fall Frost September 19

Gallatin County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.2-8.1

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (30 days to spare)
Transplant: May 25 🍅 Harvest: Jul 6 – Aug 10
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (26 days to spare)
Transplant: Jun 8 🍅 Harvest: Jul 20 – Aug 24
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (29 days to spare)
Transplant: Jun 20 🍅 Harvest: Aug 1 – Sep 5

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Gallatin County

How your county's soil matches Turnip's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.2–8.1) is more alkaline than Turnip prefers (6.0–7.0). Add sulfur or peat moss to lower pH.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Gallatin County is excellent for Turnip — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.4%). Annual compost additions will help Turnip.

How to Plant Turnip

0.5"
Planting Depth
4"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Turnip

2
successive plantings in your 103-day season

Sow every 4.6 weeks. Last sowing by Jul 21 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 11.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.5″/week
You supply
0.6″/week
Watering frequency 1-2 times/week
Season total 544 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 6/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Turnip

Turnip needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Turnip Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Jun 4.3" 0.8" 3.5" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 4.3" 1" 3.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 4.3" 1" 3.3" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 0.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (Jun–Sep in Gallatin County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Turnip Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Turnip needs ~575 GDD — county provides 1,184 GDD Excellent fit

Turnip Planting Timeline — Gallatin County, MT

Turnip Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Direct Sow May 25 May 25 – Jun 15
Harvest July 6 Jul 6 – Aug 10
Fall Sowing July 11 Jul 11 – Jul 25

Plant 0.5" deep · 4" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April
May Direct Sow
June Direct Sow
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Harvest
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · 1-2 times/week

📅 Days to Maturity

40–60 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7 · Your soil: too_alkaline

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5a

📆 Growing Season

103 days in Gallatin County

Growing Tips for Turnip in Gallatin County

Direct sow Turnip outdoors after June 08 in Gallatin County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Turnip in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Gallatin County receives only 12" of rain annually. Turnip needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Direct sow in early spring or late summer. Harvest when roots are 2-3 inches in diameter for best flavor. Both the roots and the greens are nutritious and edible.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Potatoes

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Turnip in Gallatin County, MT?

Gallatin County is in Zone 5a with an average last frost of June 8. Plan your Turnip planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Gallatin County, MT?

Gallatin County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 8 and first fall frost is September 19.

🌱

Your Gallatin County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Gallatin County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Gallatin County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.