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When to Plant Caraway in Flathead County, MT

Flathead County, Montana Zone 5a May

This month in Flathead County, Montana

Your garden in Flathead County, Montana is working on a schedule, even when you're not. Here's where you should be this May.

Avg. last frost June 3
Avg. first frost September 10
Soil temp (4") 41°F
Watering High
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 15 hrs
  1. Get caraway in the ground

    Plant tomatoes deep — bury the stem up to the first true leaves to grow extra roots. Everything else goes in at the same depth it grew in the tray.

  2. Direct-sow caraway

    Thin ruthlessly once seedlings are up. Crowded roots mean smaller crops from every plant.

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Caraway is a biennial herb grown for its distinctive crescent-shaped seeds used in rye bread, sauerkraut, and European cuisine. The leaves and roots are also edible.

Flathead County, Montana is in USDA Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 3 and the first fall frost is September 10, giving you a growing season of approximately 99 days.

At an elevation of 6,233 feet, Flathead County receives approximately 20.7 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly loam soil. Summer highs average 87°F, providing good warmth for Caraway during the growing season.

Flathead County, MT (Zone 5a) Very short season
99 days
Last Spring Frost June 3
99 growing days
First Fall Frost September 10

Flathead County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Loam

Soil pH

6.6-8.4

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: Apr 17 Transplant: May 15
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: Apr 29 Transplant: May 27
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season
Start indoors: May 18 Transplant: Jun 15

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Flathead County

How your county's soil matches Caraway's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (6.6–8.4) overlaps with Caraway's range (6.0–7.5), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The loam soil in Flathead County is excellent for Caraway — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.4%). Annual compost additions will help Caraway.

How to Plant Caraway

0.5"
Planting Depth
8"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
0.9″/week
You supply
0.2″/week
Watering frequency Only during dry spells
Season total 129 gal / 100 sq ft
Drought risk

Water stress score is 8/10 — consider drought-tolerant varieties and mulching

Monthly Watering Guide for Caraway

Caraway needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Caraway Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 2.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 2.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Jun 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Jul 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Aug 4.3" 2.1" 2.2" 🚿 Regular watering
Sep 4.3" 1.5" 2.8" 🚿 Regular watering
Oct 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 1.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (Jun–Sep in Flathead County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Caraway Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Caraway needs ~6,214 GDD — county provides 1,509 GDD May not mature

Caraway Planting Timeline — Flathead County, MT

Caraway Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 29 Apr 29 – May 13
Transplant Outdoors May 27 May 27 – Jun 10
Direct Sow May 20 May 20 – Jun 10
Fall Sowing July 2 Jul 2 – Jul 16

Plant 0.5" deep · 8" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Start Indoors Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
July Fall Sowing
August
September
October
November
December

Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · Only during dry spells

📅 Days to Maturity

365–450 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7.5 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 5a

📆 Growing Season

99 days in Flathead County

Growing Tips for Caraway in Flathead County

Direct sow Caraway outdoors after June 03 in Flathead County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Your 99.0-day growing season in Flathead County is tight for Caraway (365.0-450.0 days to maturity). Start indoors and choose early-maturing varieties.

Common pests for Caraway in this region include carrot rust fly and parsleyworm. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

Flathead County receives only 21" of rain annually. Caraway needs consistent moisture — install drip irrigation or water deeply 2-3 times per week.

General growing tips

Direct sow in spring or fall. Caraway produces seeds in its second year. Harvest seed heads when they turn brown. The young leaves can be used like parsley.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Fennel

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Caraway in Flathead County, MT?

Flathead County is in Zone 5a with an average last frost of June 3. Plan your Caraway planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Flathead County, MT?

Flathead County, Montana is in USDA Hardiness Zone 5a. The average last spring frost is June 3 and first fall frost is September 10.

🌱

Your Flathead County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Flathead County (Zone 5a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Flathead County, MT. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.