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When to Plant Cauliflower in Beltrami County, MN

Beltrami County, Minnesota Zone 3b May

Top priorities for Beltrami County, Minnesota gardeners in May

May is a pivotal month for Beltrami County, Minnesota gardens. Focus on these tasks first and you'll set up the rest of the season for success.

Avg. last frost May 16
Avg. first frost September 28
Soil temp (4") 50°F
Watering Low
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 15 hrs
  1. Move cauliflower into the garden

    Water the tray well an hour before you transplant. Roots slide out cleanly and settle in faster.

  2. Seed cauliflower outdoors

    Rake a smooth bed, make a shallow furrow, drop seeds at the spacing on the packet, water gently, walk away.

Looking ahead to June
  • Starting indoors: cauliflower

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Cauliflower is a cool-season brassica that produces dense white, purple, or green heads called curds. It is more finicky than broccoli but rewards with a mild, nutty flavor.

Beltrami County, Minnesota is in USDA Zone 3b. The average last spring frost is May 16 and the first fall frost is September 28, giving you a growing season of approximately 135 days.

At an elevation of 1,023 feet, Beltrami County receives approximately 39.1 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 79°F, so choose short-season varieties of Cauliflower to ensure they mature before fall.

Beltrami County, MN (Zone 3b) Short season
135 days
Last Spring Frost May 16
135 growing days
First Fall Frost September 28
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Beltrami County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

5.9-7

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (13 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 29 Transplant: May 10 🍅 Harvest: Jul 5 – Sep 6
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (16 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 4 Transplant: May 16 🍅 Harvest: Jul 11 – Sep 12
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (11 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 24 Transplant: Jun 5 🍅 Harvest: Jul 31 – Oct 2

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Beltrami County

How your county's soil matches Cauliflower's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (5.9–7.0) overlaps with Cauliflower's range (6.0–7.0), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Beltrami County is excellent for Cauliflower — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is excellent (4.4%) — Cauliflower will thrive.

How to Plant Cauliflower

1"
Planting Depth
15"
Between Plants
24"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 12 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Succession Planting Cauliflower

2
successive plantings in your 135-day season

Sow every 6.3 weeks. Last sowing by Jun 20 to harvest before frost.

For a dedicated fall crop, sow by Jul 06.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
1.2″/week
Watering frequency Natural rainfall sufficient
Season total 0 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Cauliflower

Cauliflower needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Cauliflower Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 1.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 1.8" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 2.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 4.6" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jun 4.3" 5.2" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Jul 4.3" 4.6" 0" ✅ Rainfall sufficient
Aug 4.3" 4.2" 0.1" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 3.4" 0.9" 💧 Light watering
Oct 3.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Nov 2.4" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 1.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Sep in Beltrami County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Cauliflower Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Cauliflower needs ~717 GDD — county provides 1,248 GDD Excellent fit

Cauliflower Planting Timeline — Beltrami County, MN

Cauliflower Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 4 Apr 4 – Apr 18
Transplant Outdoors May 16 May 16 – May 30
Direct Sow May 9 May 9 – May 30
Harvest July 11 Jul 11 – Sep 12
Fall Sowing July 6 Jul 6 – Jul 20

Plant 1" deep · 15" apart · Rows 24" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July Fall Sowing Harvest
August Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · Natural rainfall sufficient

📅 Days to Maturity

55–100 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 3b

📆 Growing Season

135 days in Beltrami County

Growing Tips for Cauliflower in Beltrami County

Direct sow Cauliflower outdoors after May 16 in Beltrami County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Cauliflower in this region include cabbage worm and flea beetles. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors 6 weeks before transplanting. Blanch white varieties by tying outer leaves over the head. Provide consistent moisture and avoid temperature extremes.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Tomatoes
  • Strawberries

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Cauliflower in Beltrami County, MN?

Beltrami County is in Zone 3b with an average last frost of May 16. Plan your Cauliflower planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Beltrami County, MN?

Beltrami County, Minnesota is in USDA Hardiness Zone 3b. The average last spring frost is May 16 and first fall frost is September 28.

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Your Beltrami County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Beltrami County (Zone 3b). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Beltrami County, MN. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: May 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.