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When to Plant Onion in Allegany County, MD

Allegany County, Maryland Zone 6a April

What to do in April

Here's what deserves your attention in Allegany County, Maryland this month. Everything below is tailored to Zone 6a and timed around your local frost dates.

Avg. last frost May 6
Avg. first frost October 12
Soil temp (4") 52°F
Watering Moderate
Pest pressure Low
Daylight 13.1 hrs
  1. Put onion seeds straight in the ground

    These tolerate cool soil, so you're not gambling by sowing now.

To set up a strong May, finish these tasks
  • Transplants going out: onion

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Onions are a fundamental kitchen staple available in yellow, white, and red varieties. Choose long-day, short-day, or intermediate types based on your latitude.

Allegany County, Maryland is in USDA Zone 6a. The average last spring frost is May 6 and the first fall frost is October 12, giving you a growing season of approximately 159 days.

At an elevation of 936 feet, Allegany County receives approximately 38.6 inches of rainfall annually with predominantly silt loam soil. Summer highs average 89°F, providing good warmth for Onion during the growing season.

Allegany County, MD (Zone 6a) Moderate season
159 days
Last Spring Frost May 6
159 growing days
First Fall Frost October 12
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Allegany County Soil Profile

Soil Type

Silt Loam

Soil pH

5.6-6.6

Drainage

Well Drained

Plant Planting Risk Windows

Early Start (70% safe) ✓ Fits season (23 days to spare)
Start indoors: Mar 23 Transplant: Apr 27 🍅 Harvest: Jul 27 – Sep 14
Recommended (50%) ✓ Fits season (19 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 1 Transplant: May 6 🍅 Harvest: Aug 5 – Sep 23
Safe Start (90%) ✓ Fits season (14 days to spare)
Start indoors: Apr 17 Transplant: May 22 🍅 Harvest: Aug 21 – Oct 9

Percentages indicate frost risk at transplant. The 70% safe window means there is a 30% chance of frost after transplant — suitable for cold-hardy crops or gardeners with frost protection. The 90% safe window is best for tender plants.

Soil Compatibility in Allegany County

How your county's soil matches Onion's growing requirements.

Soil pH

Your soil pH (5.6–6.6) overlaps with Onion's range (6.0–7.0), though not a perfect match.

Soil Texture

The silt loam soil in Allegany County is excellent for Onion — good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient holding capacity.

Organic Matter

Organic matter is moderate (2.7%). Annual compost additions will help Onion.

How to Plant Onion

1"
Planting Depth
6"
Between Plants
12"
Between Rows

Fall planting: Sow 10 weeks before your first frost date for a fall harvest.

Plant Water Budget

Plant needs
1.0″/week
Rainfall provides
1.0″/week
Watering frequency Natural rainfall sufficient
Season total 0 gal / 100 sq ft

Monthly Watering Guide for Onion

Onion needs approximately 1 inches of water per week (4.3" per month). Here's how your county's rainfall compares month by month.

Month Onion Needs Rainfall You Supplement Action
Jan 2.9" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Feb 2.6" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Mar 3.7" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Apr 3.5" 0" ❄️ Dormant
May 4.3" 3" 1.3" 💧 Light watering
Jun 4.3" 3.3" 1" 💧 Light watering
Jul 4.3" 3.6" 0.7" 💧 Light watering
Aug 4.3" 3.5" 0.8" 💧 Light watering
Sep 4.3" 3.3" 1" 💧 Light watering
Oct 4.3" 2.7" 1.6" 💧 Light watering
Nov 3.3" 0" ❄️ Dormant
Dec 3.2" 0" ❄️ Dormant

Water needs are for active growing months only (May–Oct in Allegany County). Supplement amounts are based on average rainfall — actual needs vary with temperature, soil, and mulching.

Onion Heat Requirements (GDD)

What are Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

Growing Degree Days measure the total warmth your plants receive during the growing season. Think of it as a "heat bank" — every day above 50°F deposits warmth that helps your plants grow.

Each plant needs a certain amount of accumulated heat to mature. If your county provides more GDD than the plant needs, it's a great fit. If it's close, you may want to choose faster-maturing varieties or start seeds indoors to get a head start.

Onion needs ~1,759 GDD — county provides 2,663 GDD Excellent fit

Onion Planting Timeline — Allegany County, MD

Onion Planting Calendar

Activity When Date Range
Start Indoors April 1 Apr 1 – Apr 15
Transplant Outdoors May 6 May 6 – May 20
Direct Sow April 22 Apr 22 – May 13
Harvest August 5 Aug 5 – Sep 23
Fall Sowing August 3 Aug 3 – Aug 17

Plant 1" deep · 6" apart · Rows 12" apart

Month-by-Month Timeline

MonthActivities
January
February
March
April Start Indoors Direct Sow
May Transplant Outdoors Direct Sow
June
July
August Fall Sowing Harvest
September Harvest
October
November
December
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Growing Conditions

☀️ Sun

Full Sun (6-8+ hours)

💧 Water

1"/week · Natural rainfall sufficient

📅 Days to Maturity

90–120 days

🧪 Soil pH

Needs 6–7 · Your soil: acceptable

🗺️ USDA Zone

Zone 6a

📆 Growing Season

159 days in Allegany County

Growing Tips for Onion in Allegany County

Direct sow Onion outdoors after May 06 in Allegany County when soil has warmed and frost danger has passed.

Common pests for Onion in this region include onion maggots and thrips. Use row covers early in the season and inspect plants weekly.

General growing tips

Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before transplanting. Match day-length type to your latitude. Stop watering when tops begin to fall over and cure bulbs for 2-3 weeks before storage.

Companion Planting

Good Companions

Avoid Planting Near

  • Peas
  • Green Beans
  • Asparagus

Check more plant combinations with our Companion Planting Checker →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I plant Onion in Allegany County, MD?

Allegany County is in Zone 6a with an average last frost of May 6. Plan your Onion planting based on this frost date — see the calendar above for exact timing.

What planting zone is Allegany County, MD?

Allegany County, Maryland is in USDA Hardiness Zone 6a. The average last spring frost is May 6 and first fall frost is October 12.

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Your Allegany County Garden Planner — Free

A 24-page printable planner built for Allegany County (Zone 6a). Planting dates, a month-by-month schedule, harvest log, seed inventory, and succession charts — all dialed in for your exact growing season.

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Data sources: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023), NOAA 30-Year Climate Normals. Frost dates are based on 50% probability averages for Allegany County, MD. Local conditions may vary. Last updated: April 2026.

Sources & credits

Every number on this page traces back to a primary horticulture or government data source. Click through to verify.